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What Are Three Parts Of An Ipv6 Global Unicast Address? (Choose Three.)?
What are three parts of an IPv6 global unicast address? (Choose three.). The global routing prefix can find the address network part which is accepted by ISP. Subnet ID that can find the enterprise site network which is present in it. Global routing prefix which can determine the address given by thRead more
What are three parts of an IPv6 global unicast address? (Choose three.).
Answer: The elements that form the IPV6 global unicast address consist of three the global routing prefix which can find the address network part which is accepted by ISP, and the Subnet ID which can find the enterprise site network which is present in it, and the interface ID which determines localhost on the network.
IPv6 global unicast address:
An IPv6 global unicast address is exclusive and routable on the internet. They are almost the same as the public IPv4 address. The unicast address can only determine one node and it is used for one-to-one communication. The RFC 3587 clarifies the IPv6 global unicast address in which out of 128 bits in IPv6 three bits on the left-most are fixed 001, the other 45 bits are for global routing prefix after it 16 bits is for subnetting and the other 64 is for the host.
The fixed bits 001 and 45 bits (45+3 =48) are collectively assigned to the company as IPv6 prefixes. However, the leftmost three bits which are for the global unicast address, the global unicast address range is available from 2000 to 3fff.
The IPv6 global unicast address is based on three parts which are:
Global routing prefix:
It is the prefix that is allocated by the ISP provider to the client or site. Nowadays the RIRs allocate an a/48 global routing prefix to clients, it contains a lot of space for them.
Subnet ID:
On the organization’s website, the subnet ID can determine the subnets.
Interface ID:
The interface ID of the global unicast IPV6 is similar to the IPv4 address host part. The term is used due to a single host might have multiple interfaces with their own more than one IPv6 address. The address is easy to understand by the number of hextets.
See lessWhich Connection Technology Uses What Is Known As a Cmts?
Which connection technology uses what is known as a CMTS? Answer: CMTS is used for the connection of different cables with the ISP's core network. The IT is suspicious that the unauthenticated device has a connection with the Wifi network. It happens due to the passkey which is shared from a home deRead more
Which connection technology uses what is known as a CMTS?
Answer: CMTS is used for the connection of different cables with the ISP’s core network. The IT is suspicious that the unauthenticated device has a connection with the Wifi network. It happens due to the passkey which is shared from a home device.
The Cable Modem termination system is located at the headend of the cable company through which the digital signals are transferred with the help of cable modems. CMTS can give high-speed data services such as VoIP. It can do various Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexing (DSLAM) jobs.; it contains both RF and Ethernet interfaces.
On the wired network, the CMTS is capable of both transmitting and receiving digital modem signals, and also carries Internet Protocol traffic. To establish the connection via the Internet, CMTS signals are transmitted and received over the user’s cable modem by converting into the form of the IP packets and also routing them to the destinated ISP.
Simply put CMTS use the traffic coming from the clients and route them to the designated ISP on a single channel in order to connect with the internet. In the system that uses the CMTS, the cable modems work by communicating by channeling the signals through it and have no direct communication with themselves.
In a CMTS two types of architecture use integrated CMTS and M-CMTS (MODULAR CMTS). The elements of the integrated CMTS are located below the single chassis. The main benefit of the I-CMTS is the few chances of failure, ease of deployment, and a cheaper price The main advantage of Modular CMTS is that it is able to scale to large numbers depending on the downstream channels.
CMTS has the ability to provide different sizes of cable modem population. The modems in an association with CMTS have no dependency on distance for QoS. It is also capable of filtering to protect against viruses and unauthenticated users. It also functions as a router in the network.
See lessWhat Statement Is Correct About Network Protocols?
What statement is correct about network protocols? The hardware type and the process of them mounted in racks are defined by the network protocols. The network protocols define the message exchange between the sender and receiver. Network protocols work in the TCP/IP access layer. The message exchanRead more
What statement is correct about network protocols?
Answer: Network protocols are implemented in both hardware and software. The interaction among them happens with the protocol stacks in a different layer. The network instruments have nothing to do with the protocols. In the locals ans well the private network the protocols work in the message exchange between the sender and the receiver.
Network protocols are the rules, the structure which determines how the message is exchanged over a network. The network protocols are like the language which is understandable by both sender and receiver rather than their different infrastructure or designs.to thoroughly understand the network protocols you must know about the OSI model. It is the base of the internet and most of the protocols are based on this model.
The OSI model consists of 7 layers and the communication is based on two network devices. The task is allocated to these 7 layers. The layers are self-contained and work independently. The layers are split into two parts the upper part which contains layers 5,6 and 7 whose work is to deal with the application problems while the lower part contains 1,2,3, and 4 work with data transport. Let’s see the functionality of the OSI layers in the following:
Application layer: The application layer work is to transfer the files, job, etc
Presentation layer: Data compression, decompression, encoding, and decoding are done at this layer.
Session layer: Its work is to develop and remove the user sessions.
Transport layer: The message end-to-end delivery is the work of the transport layer. The error detection ad flow control is the work of this layer.
Network layer: The packets are routed based on the IP address and MAC address.
Datalink layer: Packet framing and detection of the error and correction is the function of a data link layer.
Physical layer: It acts as the interface between devices and the medium.
See lessWhat Is a Key Characteristic Of The Peer-To-Peer Networking Model?
What is a key characteristic of the peer-to-peer networking model? Wireless services. Without the use of the internet peer-to-peer do social networking. With the help of the print server, network printing is done by the model. it has the feature to share the resources without the use of a dedicatedRead more
What is a key characteristic of the peer-to-peer networking model?
Answer: Without using the dedicated server in the peer-to-peer network model, it is possible to share data, resources, and printers.
The peer-to-peer model does not rely on the hierarchical system and allows the exchange or transfer of data. It is the center for the new designs. The P2P (peer-to-peer) is the decentralized model where each part has the same authorities. The devices in it work both as a server and client once at a time and both of them can start the session. In the P2P cloud, each party dedicates the resources to develop the single-based cloud infrastructure.
P2P is the overcoming model and replaces the current system which is advantageous for the P2P group members. The collaborative consumption also depends on the P2P system which allocates the members to do the trade, and borrow the used items instead of buying them from the third party that works to develop the profit on the transactions. The characteristics of the peer-to-peer network are:
The benefits of the peer-to-peer models are described in the following:
- Cheaper in prices.
- Easy to configure.
- High performance.
- Reliability.
- Adaptability.
- Efficiency.
See lessWhat Do You Use Wireshark For?
What Do You Use Wireshark for? Answer: Wireshark acts as the protocol analyzer whose work is to seize the packets in a network connection like the home PC's office system etc. The packets are basically the distinct data unit in the Ethernet network.it is considered the most commonly used packet snifRead more
What Do You Use Wireshark for?
Answer: Wireshark acts as the protocol analyzer whose work is to seize the packets in a network connection like the home PC’s office system etc. The packets are basically the distinct data unit in the Ethernet network.it is considered the most commonly used packet sniffer.
Wireshark is an open sources packet sniffer that uses for educational purposes, software analysis, troubleshooting of the network, etc. The packets are tracked with the sniffer and filtered as well to fulfill our requirements. The security issue is also resolved with the use of a network analyzer.
It’s a free application that can use to seize the data. The network card in it is set to the unselective mode so that it can accept the packets that receive on it. Some of the Wireshark uses are defined in the following:
Wireshark work by seizing the traffic and translating the binary form into the human-understandable language, which makes it simple to determine what kind of traffic is moving across a network, its amount, frequency, and latency amount among the hops. Although the Wireshark assist various network protocols and most of them are old, not often, the security administrator looks at the packet analyzer as the immediate need. Most of the network packets are like TCP, UDP, and ICMP.
Moreover, as the huge traffic is moving in the business network, the Wireshark specific ability to filter each packet in the traffic makes it useful. The seizing filters will grab the traffic you are interested and the display filter zoom the traffic we want to investigate. The packet sniffer also has a search tool, color highlights, and regular expressions which help us to find what we want to search for.
See lessWhat Is The Result Of An Arp Poisoning Attack?
What Is the Result of An Arp Poisoning Attack? Customer information is stolen. The virus infects the network clients. The buffer memory of the client is overwhelming. The client faces the denial of services. Answer: The attacker uses the ARP poisoning method in which the reply for the request of theRead more
What Is the Result of An Arp Poisoning Attack?
Answer: The attacker uses the ARP poisoning method in which the reply for the request of the IPv4 is given that belongs to some other device like the default gateway. The attacker continuously executes the MITM attack and imitates the gateway and sends the response to the request requested by the sender. The receiver of the reply listed the attacker’s MAC address in the ARP table and the frames are sent toward the attacker. That’s how the traffic to the gateway moves with the hacker device.
ARP spoofing which is also referred to as ARP poisoning is another kind of cyber-attack through LAN in which the malevolent ARP frames send toward the default gateway just to replace the IP to MAC address pairing in the table. ARP protocol work by translating the IP address to MAC address, as it is designed just for efficiency not for security. The attack is successful and quite easy till the hackers have full control of the target.
In the attack, the attacker sends the wrong ARP reply for the request toward the default gateway, by showing that his MAC address is assigned to the target IP address and vice versa. As the message is received on the gateway and all the changes are made to the devices in a network the traffic of the target with devices over a network is moved through the attacker’s computer, permitting the attacker to check the frames before moving to the real destination. An ARP spoofing happens on a low level, and the target has no idea that his traffic is being checked and changed. Apart from the Man-in-the-middle attack, the attack can also be the reason for the denial of service in a local area network by interfering or dropping and not transferring the frames.
The ARP spoofing effect is that the traffic which is assigned to go to more than one host in the local area network just went to the destination chosen by the attacker. The traffic went to the hacker device as well as to an unknown location, it depends on the specifics.
See lessWhat Are The Two Types Of Interference?
What Are The 2 Types of Interference? Answer: Interference modifies a signal as if it were traveling with a communication channel in a source and a receiver. Interference is unwanted signals when accessing information signals. Interference types are Electromagnetic interference, radio frequency inteRead more
What Are The 2 Types of Interference?
Answer: Interference modifies a signal as if it were traveling with a communication channel in a source and a receiver. Interference is unwanted signals when accessing information signals. Interference types are Electromagnetic interference, radio frequency interference, and crosstalk.
Interference affects the transmission media used to transmit signals such as UTP and coaxial cables. Fiber optics has not exploited interference because it is not made of copper and the light is used for the transferal of data rather than electrical signals. The interference types are listed in the following:
EMI:
EMI has a low current which leads to a low voltage but the frequency is high, it comes from the external source and interferes with the signals flowing through the cable. Unshielded twisted pair cable is weak, STP is less vulnerable and on the fiber optics, it has no impact.
RFI (Radio frequency interference):
RFI is due to the electromagnetic radiation in the frequency of radio that is caused by the TV radio and cellular tower, Microwave dishes, and home appliances. UTP is totally affected, STP has less impact while optical fiber is immune to it
Crosstalk:
When the electromagnetism of one cable interrupts the data transmission of another wire. It causes data loss, UTP is weak, STP is less impacted and it has no impact on fiber optics.
The interference is due to two main reasons, one is the transmitter and electrical equipment. let’s discuss them briefly in the following:
Transmitter:
The mediums for the transmission of signals like radio, and TV stations have flaws in their designs such as improper shielding, and broken cables taking advantage of transmitter interference, to check if the interference is due to the transmitter remove the switch of the electrical device and check if the interference becomes slow.
Electrical interference:
The electrical interference is due to the power cables, and the interference in the electrical equipment occurs continuously then the power company need to updated.to check the electrical interference source use the portable battery-powered AM radio set the frequency at the lowest possible option and if the buzzing sound is present then you are close to the source.
See lessIn Virtualization What Is The Role Of The Hypervisor?
In Virtualization What Is the Role of The Hypervisor? Answer: In virtualization, the role is to assist the generation and the maintenance of the Virtual machines with an abstraction of the software from its physical device(hardware). The virtualization happens through a hypervisor with the interceptRead more
In Virtualization What Is the Role of The Hypervisor?
Answer: In virtualization, the role is to assist the generation and the maintenance of the Virtual machines with an abstraction of the software from its physical device(hardware). The virtualization happens through a hypervisor with the interception of the request between the hardware and virtual resources.
In cloud computing hypervisor is the software which allows virtualization by assigning the resources to different parts of the hardware. A virtualization hypervisor is a program that is able to isolate, divide, and abstract. Hypervisors allow the multiple OS to work on a single host at a time. There are two types of the hypervisor available which are:
Type-1 hypervisor:
It is capable to run on the underlying host and is also referred to as the native hypervisor. There is no need for the base server operating system. It is directly connected to hardware resources. The pros and cons of type-1 hypervisor are:
Pros:
Due to the direct connection with the physical resource, it has greater efficiency. It has strong security as there is no third-party involvement and the hacker has nothing to attack or manipulate.
Cons:
It uses separate dedicated machines for proper working and provides guidelines to the VNs and handles the hardware resources of the host.
Type-2 hypervisor:
The host OS works on the underlying system of the host.it is called the hosted hypervisor, it has no direct connection with the hardware and runs the application in the physical machine of the host. The software exists in OS and the hypervisor calls the OS for hardware. The pros and cons of the type-2 hypervisor are:
Pros:
The type-2 hypervisor has fast and simple access to the guest OS along with the running host machines. They have an extra characteristic for the guest OS which increases the connection between the guest and host machine.
Cons:
The performance of this type is less than type-1 because it has no direct connection with the physical machines and there is also the risk of the threat because the attacker might find something for attack if access to the host OS is possible and have permission to the guest OS.
See lessWhat Is The Difference Between a Router And a Switch?
What Is the Difference Between a Router and Switch? Answer: The switch work is to establish the connection among the end devices like PCs, computers, etc. The router works by connecting the different networks. The switch functions on the OSI data link layer and the router are on the network layer. TRead more
What Is the Difference Between a Router and Switch?
Answer: The switch work is to establish the connection among the end devices like PCs, computers, etc. The router works by connecting the different networks. The switch functions on the OSI data link layer and the router are on the network layer.
The switch is the device used in the network which facilitates information and resource sharing by establishing the connection among different networks in a small network. Devices connected to the switch are able to share resources and make communication between them possible.
The networking devices ahs the MAC address that is unique, when the system sends the IP packets to the connected devices, switches place the IP packets with the origin and destination MAC address and compile them to the frames and send them toward another device.
The router works by connecting the various switches and their networks to establish the big network. The switches’ location has no impact on the connection. The router routes the data frames between the source and the destination, router can also distribute Internet connectivity from modems to wired or wireless devices. The router is on the network layer and allows the data packets to route from the short path.
The router and the switch are the networking devices, the router routes the packets through the little possible path to the destination. The router connects multiple networks at the same time and witch connects multiple devices at the same time. The major difference between the router and the switches are:
- The router connects the multiple networks while the switch connects the multiple devices at a time.
- Router work on the network layer and switch on the data link layer.
- The router is used in the LAN and in the MAN; the switch is only used in the local network.
- The data moves in the form of the packets, in switch the data is moved in the form of packets and frames.
- In the router, the collision is less in amount while in the switch its s immune to the collision in the full-duplex witch.
- The router is suitable with NAT, but the switch does not fit with NAT.
- Routing has two types adaptive and non-adaptive, and switches have three types Circuit, packets, and message switching.
See lessBesides The Motherboard Size What Other Characteristics?
Besides the motherboard's size, what other characteristic determines whether the motherboard will fit inside a case? Screw hole’s location. CPU sockets forms. Memory slots Internal ports. External ports. Answer: Apart from the size of the motherboard the other factor that determines it and fit insidRead more
Besides the motherboard’s size, what other characteristic determines whether the motherboard will fit inside a case?
Answer: Apart from the size of the motherboard the other factor that determines it and fit insides is the screw hole’s location.
The motherboard is the essential part of the circuit board that has buses, and electrical paths and is present in the computer. Buses assign data to movements between different parts of the computer. The motherboard is also called a system board, mainboard, etc. The motherboard contains the CPU, RAM, extended slots BIOS, chips, and the wires embedded in it and connects the parts of it. In addition to these components, there are also internal and external jacks, connectors, and ports.
Motherboard form factors override motherboard size and shape. It also describes the physical structure of the various components. Motherboard form factors is the following:
The critical component of the motherboard is the chipset It contains several integrated circuits connected to the motherboard which manage the equipment which interacts with the central processing units and itself. CPU is installed in the slots and the motherboard and the sockets determine the CPU type.
The chipset allocates the CPU to have the communication, interacts with other parts of the components, and exchanges the data with RAM, hard disk, video cards, etc. The chipset has two parts one is northbridge and southbridge. The bridges handle access to the RAM, and speed of the CPU for the communication. The video card is integrated into the northbridge and in the southbridge sometimes the CPU has the connection with the hard drive USB ports I/O devices.
See less