Sign Up to our social questions and Answers Engine to ask questions, answer people’s questions, and connect with other people.
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.
What Is The Purpose Of A Null0 Route In The Routing Table?
What is the purpose of a Null0 route in the routing table? In an EIGRP it works to redistribute the external routes. It can prevent routing loops. Null0's goal is to act as the gateway for the last resort. The EIGRP packets are restrained by the router with the help of the Null0 route. Answer: TheRead more
What is the purpose of a Null0 route in the routing table?
Answer: The EIGRP of IPv4 install the Null0 route in the routing table automatically during the enabled time of EIGRP summarization and at least one of the EIGRP learned subnet is present.it is basically the interface with no route and works by preventing the routing loops from the destination which is the part of the summary network but has no specified entry in a routing table.
Configuration of the Null0 interface
When the static route configuration occurs through the Null0 interface, then the frames drop without the configuration of an ACLs to the blocked traffic or any ICMP message. That kind of interface is not available to receive or move further any kind of traffic and the encapsulation of any kind will fail.
The null interface gave the method to filter the traffic you are able to escape the overhead included with the help of ACLs by directing the unwanted network traffic to the interface. The interface work by preventing the routing loops, EIGRP formed the route toward the null0 interface during the group of route summarization. The summarization of the routing protocol indicates that may be the router receive the traffic for any kind of IP address from the summary because not all IP address is used always a risk factor involved for the looping packets if the default route is used in some case on the router which is assigned to receive the traffic form summary.
The summary route is created by the ABR and ASBR when the configuration of OSPF summarization occurs but they are not real routes, but it points toward the Null0 interface which is also known as the discard interface.
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface null0.
R1(config-if) #ip unreachable.
See lessWhat Type Of Applications Are Best Suited For Using Udp?
What type of applications are best suited for using UDP? It is suitable in that kind of application that is sensitive to delay. Those who need authentic delivery mode. Those who want that the lost segment must be retransmitted. An application which effects due to packet loss. Answer: User datagram pRead more
What type of applications are best suited for using UDP?
Answer: User datagram protocol is connection-oriented and in no need for retransmission, the sequence, the flow control process.it gives the normal transport layer function with lower overhead that makes it suitable for that application that is sensitive to the delay of the packets.
TCP/IP protocol has two types: TCP and UDP.UDP is faster and lighter in weight than the TCP, its packets are quick in reaching the destination and the processing speed is fast because they don’t need verification. Most of the application uses it due to its lack of overhead and effective use of bandwidth.
Some of the UDP applications are listed in the following section:
- UDP works fast because it takes the network later datagram to attach the header and then send it toward the user.
- If the checksum field is not present in it then it acts as the null protocol that lessens the needs of computer resources.
See lessWhat Vlans Are Allowed Across A Trunk When The Range Of Allowed Vlans Is Set To The Default Value?
What VLANs are allowed across a trunk when the range of allowed VLANs is set to the default value? VLAN 1 has trunk permission. The default VLAN is allowed across a trunk. All of the VLAN types are allowed across the trunk. The voice VLAN is allowed across the trunk. Answer: All of the VLANs are allRead more
What VLANs are allowed across a trunk when the range of allowed VLANs is set to the default value?
Answer: All of the VLANs are allowed across a trunk when the range of allowed VLAN is set to the default value.
The VLAN is generated on layer 2 to minimize the broadcast domain size.it can enhance the performance of the network by segmenting the broadcast into small parts. The types of the VLAN are described briefly in the following:
Default VLAN:
During the initiation of the switches, all of the port are part of the default VLAN which is known as the VLAN 1 which make them part of the same broadcast domain. The default VLAN permits each device to establish the connection with any kind of port which further connects with other devices on another switch port. The default VLAN has the characteristic that it can’t be removed or renamed.
Data VLAN:
It can separate the network into two parts one for the user and the other for the devices, it is also called the user VLAN. user-generated data is the only reason the Data VLAN is used.it can only carry the data.
Voice VLAN:
It is used to carry the voice traffic. Its priority as compared to other traffic is relatively high. to ensure the VoIP quality a distinct voice CLAN must be present because it will use the band with of other applications as well.
Management VLAN:
It is used to configure the switch management features. VLAN 1 by default is the management VLAN 1, it can make sure that the band is equally distributed even if the traffic load is high.
Native VLAN:
It is used for the verification of the traffic from the trunk link end.it is only allocated on 802.1Qtrunk port, the work of the port is to settle the traffic which is untagged on the Native VLAN.
See lessWhich Type Of Memory Is Primarily Used As Cache Memory?
Which type of memory is primarily used as cache memory? RAM ROM SRAM RRAM. Answer: SRAM is the memory type that is primarily used as the cache memory. Cache memory is the computer memory that is volatile and it is smaller in size which gives access to the processor and also stores often-used prograRead more
Which type of memory is primarily used as cache memory?
Answer: SRAM is the memory type that is primarily used as the cache memory.
Cache memory is the computer memory that is volatile and it is smaller in size which gives access to the processor and also stores often-used programs, information, etc. as it is not the permanent memory that’s why it makes the retrieval of data easy and also efficient.it is considered as the computer’s fastest memory and it is present in the motherboard and also embed in the processor.
It gives quick access and storage and the data which is accessed by the processor is stored in it, when the data is requested by the processor which is stored in the cache memory, then there is no need to fetch from main memory or hard disk. The cache for the hardware is also known as the processor cache, as the hardware is close to the processor core it is referred to as the primary or secondary cache memory and the primary cache is integrated directly into a processor.
There is a total 4 levels of memory which are described in the following:
Register:
At this level, the data which is quickly stored in the CPU are stored and accepted. The register which is often used is accumulator, program counter, and address register.
Cache memory:
It is level 2 of the memory whose access time is faster and the data are stored temporarily for only the fastest access.
Main memory:
Main memory is the part that is currently using my computer. The size is small and the data will remove when it is shut down.
Secondary memory:
This type of memory is opposite to the main memory which is not fast and the data stored in it is permanent.
See lessWhich Option Correctly Describes A Switching Method?
Which option correctly describes a switching method? Cut through method after it receives the frames decide to forward. The cut-through method allows the flexibility to mix the Ethernet speeds. The store and forward method are responsible to move the packets right after the examination of the destinRead more
Which option correctly describes a switching method?
Answer: The store and forward switching work by doing the error checking on the incoming frames right after the whole frames are received on the ingress port. The switches with this method are allowed to be flexible to assist any kind of mix of ethernet speed.it starts the forward process when the destinated MAC address of the coming frames is perused and the engross port is set up.
The switching method defines the initiating of the forwarding level of internal frame processing. Three types of methods are available for switching, which are defined in the following section:
Store-and-forward method:
In this process the switch waits for the bits receival, when all the frames are received it can check Whether the frames have an error or not. If there is no error then the switch forwards them to the selected ports. If the error detects then the frames will discard.
Cut-through switching method:
When the forward port is set up then the switch begins the third phase in this technique. The destined MAC address of the packets is only needed by the frames, which are stored by the ethernet frames in a third field. as the MAC address is present very early in the ethernet frame, the switch work moving the received frames even before all the frames are received.
Fragment-free method:
Right after the forward port, the switch has to wait for the 64 bytes of the packets which are received. These are the minimum size of the Ethernet frames. The frames smaller than this size are called the runt frames, which is the corrupt frame.
See lessWhich Of The Following Is True About Static Routes?
Which Of The Following Is True About Static Routes? To make the routing decision the source interfaces need to be configured. The next-hop address needed the subnet mask. By default, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The exit interface is specifically for the indication of the packets that where wilRead more
Which Of The Following Is True About Static Routes?
Answer: the static routes define the router exit point where there is no need for the router and neither they are present, and it is known as the default route.
With the process of direct configuration, the static routes are added manually. The static routes help the router to determine the remote network which is not connected to its interface. In today’s world, the use of static routes is minimized because they are configured manually in the network for each router.
The static routed are configured in the global configuration mode with the use of ip route DESTINATION_NETWORK SUBNET_MASK NEXT_HOP_IP_ADDRESS command. NEXT_HOP_IP_ADDRESS is a parameter IP address for the next-hop that will destination the packets and also move them toward the remote network. The router has a direct connection with the network which has the next-hop IP address.
Static routes advantage and disadvantage
The static routes have their advantages and disadvantages. we have listed some of them in the following section:
Pros of static routing:
Cons of static routing:
- For the perfect configuration, the network administrator has to know the complete network topology.
- The change in topology is very time-consuming because every change has to be done manually.
See lessWhat Two Items Make Up A Bridge Id?
What two items make up a Bridge ID? The root bridge. The location of the root bridge. The bridge priority.MAC address. Answer: The components that make up a bridge ID are the bridge priority and the MAC address. The Bridge ID is a 64-bit modifier and the component that made it is 16bit priority bitRead more
What two items make up a Bridge ID?
Answer: The components that make up a bridge ID are the bridge priority and the MAC address.
The Bridge ID is a 64-bit modifier and the component that made it is 16bit priority bit and the MAC address of 48 bits. In the spanning tree protocol, the bridge ID is for the root bridge election methods between the switches in the network.
The priority value works as the criteria to locate the Bridge ID or switch ID. Two components are involved that made the bridge ID and they are listed in the following:
For the best applicant of the root bridge, the priority value of the switches is compared in the initial phase. The greater the value the less compatibility to become the candidate and the lower value means a higher chance to become the candidate. If the switch’s priority values are the same case then the next criteria to choose the applicant is the MAC address of the root switch. Lesser the MAC address greater the chance it will be. If all the values are the same then the less MAC address value will be selected as the root switch. Such as if the switch has MAC address 0200.0000.1111 and the other switch has a value 0200.0000.2222 both have the priority value 32768 then the first switch is selected as a root bridge.
Let’s take a look at the example, the bridge ID with the priority value 32768 while the MAC address 0200.0000.1111 is 32768.0200.0000.1111. as the default value of priority, the bridge is 32768 which is only configured as the multiples of 4096. By comparing the two bridge ID, the priority value is the first criteria while the MAC address is the use if the priority value is same.
See lessWhich Function Is Supplied By The Access Layer In A Three-Layer Network Design?
Which function is supplied by the access layer in a three-layer network design? Network access. Topology. Connectivity of the backbone. Routing. Answer: The major goal of the devices present in the access layer is to provide network access to the users. While the services provided by the distributioRead more
Which function is supplied by the access layer in a three-layer network design?
Answer: The major goal of the devices present in the access layer is to provide network access to the users. While the services provided by the distribution layer are routing and the policy functions. The core layer is responsible for the backbone connectivity.
Along with the diversity in technology, it also become complicated to handle. For the reliable infrastructure of the network, Cisco has discovered the three-layer hierarchical model, which helps to design, maintain the scalability, reliability and also reduce the cost of developing the network.it has three with its features. The layer is listed below:
The first layer is the access layer which allocates the end-user access to the network.it also works by connecting the end devices as PCs, IP phones, printers, and scanners with the network. The end-user devices in the network use a different kinds of protocols to find each other, eliminate the loops and also exchange the information. Different kinds of services are the security policies are configured and implemented in this access layer.
Some of the access layer functions are described below:
The switches which are connected in this layer are called access switches. The End-devices in the LAN network is connected with the help of these switches.in simple words, the access switch work by moving the traffic between the connected devices and the LAN.
See lessWhat Type Of Static Route Is Created When The Next-Hop Ip Address And Exit Interface Are Specified?
What type of static route is created when the next-hop IP address and exit interface are specified? Default static route. Dynamic static route. Fully specified static route. Direct static route. Answer: The full specified is the static route type when the next-hop IP address and outgoing interface aRead more
What type of static route is created when the next-hop IP address and exit interface are specified?
Answer: The full specified is the static route type when the next-hop IP address and outgoing interface are specified. The recursive path contains only the next-hop IP address. While the direct static route has only one exit interface specified, the floating static route has more metrics as compared to the dynamic and also provides the service of a backup.
What do you know about a fully specified Route?
Fully specified is the type of route which is used during a time of a multiple access interface exit interface and it is essential to determine the next hop, which is directly connected to the specified exit interface. It is the static route type that is used in the older version of the IOS and the CEF.
R1(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1 172.16.2.2
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:db8: acad:1: :/64 s0/1/0 fe80::2
The fully specified static route is created when an IPv6 static route is used as the IPv6 link-local address. And the link-local address is not stored in the IPv6 routing table. The link-local address has to be unique on the network. The link-local address of the next-hop address needs to be a valid address on the different networks along with the connection.
See lessRefer To The Exhibit. What Is The Purpose Of The Router Port That Is Shown?
Refer to the exhibit. What is the purpose of the router port that is shown? It works to back up the IOS. The router configuration. Connection with the port on the switch. Work to execute the IOS from another location. Answer: The exhibited port is a USB port that exists on the Cisco router models,Read more
Refer to the exhibit. What is the purpose of the router port that is shown?
Answer: The exhibited port is a USB port that exists on the Cisco router models, it gives the console access of the router which in turn permits the CLI configuration. The blue color on the port gives the hint about a console connection.
A USB is the cable interface for a PC and many other electronic devices.it is the standard for communication on a short route.it only allows the connection of that device which has the feature of the USB and transfers the data through the help of it.it is also used to transfer the power across the cable for those who needed it’s available for both wired and wireless, and the wire uses the USB port.
Different type of devices supports the USB interface and they are commonly used for networking such as:
USB is also used when someone wants to copy the file and transfer it to the other system, in that case, the USB ports are helpful. The two devices are connected by plugging them into a USB port. Sometimes you can unplug the USB cable carelessly it may cause damage to the file as well the system that’s why the safety measure is to eject the USB device before the cables. The USB is also used nowadays to connect multiple USB devices. The hub is injected into one port and other devices are connected with the help of it.
See less