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Which Component May Be Considered A Field Replaceable Unit (Fru)?
Which Component May Be Considered A Field Replaceable Unit (Fru)? The field-replaceable unit is considered a circuit board that can be easily removed from the computer. The filed replaceable unit can be shortly called the FRU. Today, let us know about the basis of the computer and to perform some ofRead more
Which Component May Be Considered A Field Replaceable Unit (Fru)?
The field-replaceable unit is considered a circuit board that can be easily removed from the computer. The filed replaceable unit can be shortly called the FRU. Today, let us know about the basis of the computer and to perform some of the repairs on it and also know the installation of the components and working on the repairs of it.
Before we discuss the computer parts, let us actually know about the field replaceable unit. These field replaceable units are very upgradable. The name itself suggests that it can be easily replaceable. Let us know some of the examples of field replaceable units. They are modules, video cards, solid-state drives, and many more. All of these components are get installed in the computer by simply plugging them into the computer. We just need to plug it in a suitable position along with all the suitable cables.
But, the computer components are getting at low cost and also hard to be repaired if any damages have occurred. In most cases, we simply replace the damaged component with the working component. Let us now know how the repairs or upgrade the components. When we are trying to perform any specific task, then w must determine the amount of risk involving in it.
When we simply install the memory module, the risk of losing the data can be very low. But if we want to replace the motherboard, it becomes very tough. It depends on the user how to manage the risk involved in it. In order to back up the computer, the operating system of the computer must contain some of the basic backup software in it. but if we want to use some of the advanced software in it, we can approach any of the third-party service providers.
And at last, we just need to consider what we want to backup from a computer and the space that is required for the backup. The backup is nothing but the user data which we want to recover after it has been removed from the computer. There can be a backup of only the user data or can be a full backup.
The field replacement unit is simply used to replace the components of the computer or any electronic device if they are getting damaged. By using the field replacement unit we can easily remove the damaged components and replace them with working components. In order to avoid the components get damaged, we need to keep them in a clean environment and can also use anti-static protection.
These field replaceable components can also be used to upgrade the components that are connected to the computer. As we discussed earlier components like the modules, video cards, and solid-state drives are connected to the computer by the easy plugin into the computer hardware. We just need to plug it in the computer to just install it on the computer. By simply plug in it at the right place or at the right location, we can install the components on the computer.
See lessWhat Is The Function Of The Crc Value That Is Found In The Fcs Field Of A Frame?
What Is The Function Of The Crc Value That Is Found In The FCS Field Of A-Frame? The CRC value that is found in the FCS Filed of an A-Frame function for the integrity of the received frame. Before we discuss the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame, let us actually knoRead more
What Is The Function Of The Crc Value That Is Found In The FCS Field Of A-Frame?
The CRC value that is found in the FCS Filed of an A-Frame function for the integrity of the received frame. Before we discuss the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame, let us actually know what is FCS.
When a frame sends data from one device to another, it has a possibility that the data might have some errors or corruption in it. The FCS can be generated at layer 2 of the OSI model, i.e data link layer.
The FCS stands for frame check sequence, which is present at layer 2 of the data link layer. The frame check sequence is like an error detection code that is present in a frame. These frames are used to send the data at the upper layers of the OSI model and at last to reach the application layer of the OSI model. Let us take an example to understand what is error checking means.
The error detection is nothing but the frame which is got damaged must be discarded, but it does not take any action to resend or retransmit the data that is damaged. Unlike the data link layer, the other protocols will execute the error recovery.
The FCS field of a frame contains a number in it. This number is calculated by the source of the code based on the data that is present in it. The calculated number is then added to the end of the frame sent to the destination address.
After the destination device receives the frame, the FCS number got recalculated, and then it compares with the number that is present in the frame. If the compared numbers are different then it is considered as the error and that frame is get discarded. The sender will perform the cyclic redundancy check and add it as a trailer in the frame.
Now, at the receiving end, it recomputes the CRC, and then it compares it with the received FCS. In this way, we can identify if any data loss has occurred, if there are any changes that we find, then we can consider it as the data loss or error and we just discard it.
The Frame Check sequence is often transmitted in a way that the receiver can compute the sum of the entire frame along with the trailer of the frame check sequence. The FCS can be found immediately after the frame ending of the delimiter. This FCS is mostly found in Ethernet and other IEEE protocols with the size of the 32 bits, in the X.25 with the size of the 16 bits and can be 32 bits. In the HDLC it can be found with the size of the 16 bits or it can be the size of the 32 bits. And in the frame relay with the size of the 16 bits, in point to point protocol with the size of the 16 bit or it can be a size of the 32 bit.
See lessWhich Of The Following Is A Requirement For Supporting The Aero User Interface?
Which Of The Following Is A Requirement For Supporting The Aero User Interface? It can be DirectX 9 or higher is a requirement for supporting the aero user interface. Today, let us discuss the aero user interface in detail. The term Aero stands for authentic energy reflective. The aero user interfacRead more
Which Of The Following Is A Requirement For Supporting The Aero User Interface?
It can be DirectX 9 or higher is a requirement for supporting the aero user interface. Today, let us discuss the aero user interface in detail. The term Aero stands for authentic energy reflective. The aero user interface is like a new device that has been introduced in the windows operation system. Now, let us discuss some of the features of the Aero user interface in Windows 7 in detail. We have aero, snap, peek, shake, flip, flip 3d, and so on. These are some of the features of the windows 7 operating system.
Let us discuss each of these features in detail. The aero snap is a feature that is mainly found in the windows 7 operating system., which allows us to snap a window into the various parts of the screen. Now, in order to activate the errors, we should click and hold the title bar of the whole window and drag it to a side until it gets stops. Now, it will snap to the other side of the screen. This feature is useful when we want to see two windows at the same time. In order to unsnap the window we just need to drag it down. We can also maximize and minimize the window by dragging it to the top of the screen.
Now, let us look at another type of feature called aero peek. The aero peek is like a feature that allows the user to know which windows are currently being opened. Now to activate the aero peek, we need to move the mouse over to the pinned icons on the taskbar. Here we can see the thumbnail version of each of these windows. And to close the window just click the cross mark that shows at the top right corner.
Another type of feature is called aero shake, this will allows the user to focus on one window even when multiple windows are opened. In order to activate the aero shake, we need to hold to the title bar of an open window which we are like to focus on and shake. Now, we can see that instantly all of the other windows are minimized, and to return we just need to click and then shake again.
We have another feature called aero flip, here the aero flip allows the users to see what are all the windows are currently open. In order to activate the aero clip just press and hold the alt plus key and then just press the key tab. Now, we can see the thumbnails of all the open windows. To scroll through each of the windows, we just need to press the tab key.
Another feature is aero flip 3d, the aero flip 3d allows the user to see a three-dimensional view of all the windows which are open. To activate the aero 3d, we just need to press and then hold the windows key and then just simply press the tab key.
See lessWhat Makes Fiber Preferable To Copper Cabling For Interconnecting Buildings? (Choose Three.)
What Makes Fiber Preferable To Copper Cabling For Interconnecting Buildings? (Choose three.) There are three more characteristics that make fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting the buildings. The fiber optic cable can run up to a far distance than the copper cabling, it can run oveRead more
What Makes Fiber Preferable To Copper Cabling For Interconnecting Buildings? (Choose three.)
There are three more characteristics that make fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting the buildings. The fiber optic cable can run up to a far distance than the copper cabling, it can run over a greater distance than the copper cabling. And the fiber optic cables have a higher bandwidth when we compared them with the copper cabling, it also has only limited susceptibility when we compared it with the copper cabling. Today, let us learn what makes fiber preferable to the copper cabling for interconnecting of the buildings.
The structure system will offer the whole system of the cables with all the connectors and the hardware for the voice and the data cabling. It is mostly applicable for the enterprise data network. The calling we choose for the It cabling material will directly affect the productivity of any It arrangement.
Normally all the enterprise networks normally consider the copper cables have cat 5e, cat 6, and cat 5. The enterprise networks will use these cable specifications for the cabling of the data. These cables have a range of specifications in the installation of fiber optic ethernet cables. The transmission of the data in the fiber optic cabling is quite different, it sent the data through the light pulses and through the down cores.
But in the copper cabling, the transmission of the data is passed through the electrical pulses through the copper-connected wires.
The copper cables are mostly suitable for the short range of communication that means, we communicate up to 100 meters of distance. The best example of copper cable communication is desktop applications. but for the higher throughput of the data, the faster transmission and the faster bandwidth will set a limit up to 10 gigabytes per second.
let us know some of the key characteristics between the copper and the fiber cabling. The copper cabling is highly conductive than the fiber cabling. During the communication, it modulates the waveform at one end and demodulates the waveform at the other end. The main problem in copper is that even it has a higher bandwidth it can able to carry only a small number of the waveforms by limiting its maximum data capacity.
The only advantage of copper is that it, is very cost-effective and it already gets deployed at any location.
After the fiber optic cables come into the light. These cables are mainly made up of the flexible glass core that gets wrapped with the series, This will protect the integrity of each signal and the structure of the glass inside it from the elements. The main advantage of the fiber optic cable is that it can be up to longer distances and can be maintained easily. The fiber optic cables have the main advantage in their speed and in the distance. These fiber optic cables are very immune to electromagnetic interference. We bundle all the individual fiber during its installation. It can also transmit multiple wavelengths at the same time.
See lessHow Does Byod Change The Way In Which Businesses Implement Networks?
How Does BYOD Change The Way In Which Businesses Implement Networks? The BYOD has increased the flexibility in the business implement networks. It has changed the way how access to the network has been possible. Today let us know how the BYOD has changed the way we implement the networks. Firstly, tRead more
How Does BYOD Change The Way In Which Businesses Implement Networks?
The BYOD has increased the flexibility in the business implement networks. It has changed the way how access to the network has been possible. Today let us know how the BYOD has changed the way we implement the networks. Firstly, the term BYOD stands for bring your own device. This has changed the way how users access networks.
Nowadays, many employees are using their own computers and bringing their own computers to the work. All the businesses are provided through their own electronic devices. The employees are already making business calls and work with their own personal devices.
Presently 50 percent of the employees of the companies are using mostly their own laptops and smartphones. And many employees are replacing their desk phones with mobile devices.
Now, let us look into some of the benefits and also the risks involved in BYOD. But most people think that using BYOD is a key security risk. Using BYOD leads to many problems for companies. Despite the security risks, there are some of the key benefits in the usage of BYOD.
The main advantage of using BYOD is that it reduces the budget of devices for the companies. It also allows their employees to choose the device they need. There will be a great increase in the productivity of the employees by using their own devices for the work. This will be a great support and gives integration in the environment of the IT industry. The ring central can enable the BYOD without any downside making.
It makes it easier for the users, who are at different locations has a truly empowering IT solution.
Let us take an example, to understand this concept in detail. Even if any employee leaves the company, there will be no loss of the data. All the companies data can be stored in the cloud. By using the ring central there will be no data loss by keeping all the company’s information safe and secure. The ring central also provides access to the corporate directly, where we can call the company colleagues if any emergency is needed. We can consider the ring central as a solution when we use the BYOD. We can have video conferencing, audio calling, texting, and online meetings. It is very easy and to set up the and work access much easier. We do not need to use any of the expensive hardware.
Nowadays more than a million employees are using ring central. This BYOD is a fast-evolving trend in business communications. As we have discussed earlier, it has many advantages to the employees, there will be more cost savings for the company. And employees will have more comfort by using their personal devices. It can also increase portability and also connectivity. All the apps and the cloud storage provide access to the employees to work across multiple platforms.
Many people assume that using BYOD might increase the risk in terms of security. So should maintain secured passwords and the credentials and the devices must be locked and disabled.
See lessAt What Layer Of The Osi Model Does The Ipsec Encryption Protocol Operate?
At What Layer Of The Osi Model Does The IPsec Encryption Protocol Operate? At layer three of the OSI model, the IPsec encryption protocol gets to operate. Now, let us know about the concept of the Ip sec encryption protocol. The Ip sec stands for internet security protocol. It is mainly used to secuRead more
At What Layer Of The Osi Model Does The IPsec Encryption Protocol Operate?
At layer three of the OSI model, the IPsec encryption protocol gets to operate. Now, let us know about the concept of the Ip sec encryption protocol. The Ip sec stands for internet security protocol. It is mainly used to secure the traffic in the network, by using the internet security protocol, we can have secure network traffic. Hence, all unauthorized users are not able to access the applications. Or they cannot access the private data.
The data is transferred through a network called a TCP/IP network. The internet security protocol is mainly used to provide secure communication over the unsecured network area. The Internet security protocol has mainly two goals. The first one is, in order to protect the IP packets which are transferred between the sender and then the receiver.
The second one is to provide a protective shell from all the external attacks. Simply it provides a defense against all the network attacks. Let us take an example to understand the working of the IPsec encrypted protocol. Let say two computers are communicating through each other. By using the IP, they transmit the data to each other across all the networks. While sending the data, if the data that is transmitted is not secured then all the users can able to access the data. And if the users are connected to any of the corporate networks then the network traffic can be accessible by all the users. This may increase more number of malicious attacks by unauthorized users.
By configuring the Internet security protocol on the sending and then receiving of the data, the computer will make the data to be transmitted in a secured way. We can secure the data by the concept of encryption and then decryption.
The encryption is nothing but, before the data is sent by the sender, the data is kept in a secured form and the encrypted data can only be decrypted by the receiver. Only the secured data can be sent to the receiver.
The decryption is nothing but, only the secured data can be accessed at the receiver side, and the message sent by the sender can only able to decrypted by the receiver.
We also have another technique called data signing, where the data is being sent by a trusted source. A negotiation must take place to determine how the data will be encrypted and decrypted by both sending and receiving of the IP sec. The IP sec will use the result of the security negotiation to create a session secret key that is required to encrypted and decrypt the data. The Ip security will then encrypts the data and then the data will be sent to the receiving computer.
Now, the receiving computer will use the negotiated session secret key, in order to decrypt the data.
Any response from the receiving computer will follow the same process, the IP sec will encrypt the data, and then it sends it to the sending computer
See lessWhat Statement Regarding The Server Message Block Protocol Is Accurate?
What Statement Regarding The Server Message Block Protocol Is Accurate? The server message block protocol is more accurate when we use it in operating systems like Windows and Linux. Today, let us discuss the server message block protocol. After the HTTP protocol, the server block protocol is considRead more
What Statement Regarding The Server Message Block Protocol Is Accurate?
The server message block protocol is more accurate when we use it in operating systems like Windows and Linux. Today, let us discuss the server message block protocol. After the HTTP protocol, the server block protocol is considered the second most important protocol. It is shortly known as the SMB.
Let us take a simple example to understand the server message block protocol. It is like copying the files from one of the computers to the other computer. Let us open a smaller window on the computer, here we need to copy the files into the other computer in a local area network. we can use the quick access dialog to open the window. Now to transfer the files into a remote computer. we just need to drag and drop it into the folder.
Here the windows firstly logged into the files by using the user’s login credentials. And it opens and copies the file.
The authentication and the file transfer can be accomplished by using the server message block protocol. Now, when to want to perform the vice versa. That means when we want to transfer the file from the remote computer to the local computer, we can be done this in the same way as we have done to transfer the files from the local computer and the remote computer.
We can do some of the additional things by using the server message block protocol as we can just edit the files directly on the remote computer. This cannot be done by all remote users.
The server message block protocol simply enables all your devices In order to communicate with the remote servers or the remote devices. Simply, it helps to share the files from one computer to the other computer or one local computer to another remote computer.
Let us take an example to understand how the server message block protocol works?. Let say a printer is connected to the computer, when you want to take a print of any file, this server message block protocol will send the printer request to the computer, and as an acknowledgment, the computer will send a response whether the file will be printed or not.
The SMB protocol can be used in many ways.
The server message control protocol also provides security features, let us learn some of the features provided by the server message control protocol. The SMB provides authentication, message encryption, message signing, and pre login authentication. The performance of the server message block protocol can be measured by its fastness, i.e how fast the file is getting downloaded and uploading of the small size of files. We need to maximize the buffer size to increase the performance to upload the files. The more the buffer size is, the faster the efficiency of the file increases. We can also communicate as synchronous data or as asynchronous data. In the asynchronous, the users will send multiple requests at a time even if no responses are coming back.
See lessWhat Is A Characteristic Of A Converged Network?
What Is A Characteristic Of A Converged Network? Before we discuss the characteristics of a converged network adapter, let us actually learn what is convergence and the converged network. Generally, the main aim of a convergence network is to do when any changes occurred in the network. The convergeRead more
What Is A Characteristic Of A Converged Network?
Before we discuss the characteristics of a converged network adapter, let us actually learn what is convergence and the converged network. Generally, the main aim of a convergence network is to do when any changes occurred in the network. The convergence change is nothing but adding the new network segments or if any hardware device get fails. Here when any changes occur in the network, then it gets updated on the routing protocol. Depending upon that change, the routing tables are get updated to reflect that the changes have occurred.
All the networks like the telephone network, broadcast network, computer network require a separate technology to perform particular communication. The convergence Technology will be defined to connect all these networks through a separate platform called the convergence network. The flow of the data that is traveling over the same network will remove the need to maintain the separate networks. The convergence network can carry various services on a single network.
Having a convergence will be able to provide multiple services at a time on a network, it can provide services on any device where the user wants.
Let us know some of the advantages of the converged network. The convergence network will have only one network administrator, hence it reduces the cost to maintain multiple networks. There is no need for any infrastructure for the data like audio, video, etc. The convergence network is designed in such a way that it must be capable enough to handle all the operations that the user requires. The convergence network which model should be used, either it is a client-server model or it can be a peer-to-peer model.
The convergence network is the place where all the different systems are getting changed and migrated in order to work on TCP/Ip networks.
We have a converged network adapter, which can also be called the converged network interface controller. It is a computer’s input and output device that can combine the functionality of a host adapter with the network interface controller. It can provide access to the general storage area network.
Cisco is also a vision of the converged network that allows anyone to access the user information from any of the locations along with the reliability and security. we only use one network. The main advantage of the convergence network is that we do not need to use any separate network administrator or any separate infrastructure for each of the networks like a video network, audio network, or data network. But in the convergence network, we use the same infrastructure for all of these networks. The use of all the infrastructure on a single network might increase flexibility and availability, which is not possible when we use different types of infrastructure. There are also some of the major challenges that occur in the converged network like the bandwidth. When users use more data it may lead network convergence to become more confused. Hence, the convergence network can able to provide multiple services through a single network using any multiple infrastructures.
See lessWhat Type Of Diagram Is A Graphical Representation Of A Network’s Wired Infrastructure?
What Type Of Diagram Is A Graphical Representation Of A Network's Wired Infrastructure? The schematic diagram is a graphical representation of a network wired infrastructure. The below figure 1.1 represents the schematic diagram of a network wired infrastructure. Now, let us interpret the network diRead more
What Type Of Diagram Is A Graphical Representation Of A Network’s Wired Infrastructure?
The schematic diagram is a graphical representation of a network wired infrastructure. The below figure 1.1 represents the schematic diagram of a network wired infrastructure. Now, let us interpret the network diagram. Let us take an example to understand this in detail.
Let say a network administrator at the company has left the company and now you have to replace that place with you. But if you are only responsible for the end-users and you don’t need to worry about the entire network. But when you shift to the position of the network administrator, then you should be responsible for everything. The network administrator is the one who should solve all the problems that occur and is responsible for all the improvements and upgrades. We need to know every single thing about the network like how many devices are there, how they are interconnected to each other, and what are the IP addresses are going to use.
we basically need a network diagram. It is nothing but the map of the network. when we start as the network administrator, it is essential to build a map i.e schematic diagram. If we already have a diagram then we need to check all the necessary documentation is correct or not.
Now, let us know the importance of using the schematic diagram. The schematics diagrams are nothing but the simplified wiring diagrams that will display all the components and the labels and all the electrical connections within the connections diagram. This can be range from simple to very complex with the number are connections that are connected to it. To understand the schematic diagrams, we better need to learn about the basic symbols that are present in the schematic.
Each user will depend on the specific hardware to complete their works. Let us understand the network infrastructure in detail from the below figure 1.2. This specific hardware can be switches, routers, cables, or can be workstations. If we start from the backbone of the network, we use the multimode fiber to connect the ISP to the distribution level and to layer 2 switches and the routers. From this, we use the cat 5e at the point of the access level in order to connect the client and the server devices and also the voice-over IP devices. Here we have an air fiber which is the point-to-point connection by a satellite tower. It will connect to the remote sites so that they can communicate with each other. If this is not within the line of sight, the VPN connection is set back to the main headquarters. The type of storage device that we are using is nothing but the network area storage, this is present at the main site and will store all the server’s data in it. It is mostly used at remote sites and is used to back up the data and to synchronize between the two sites.
See lessWhat Is A Basic Principle That Applies To Both Internal And External Devices?
What Is A Basic Principle That Applies To Both Internal And External Devices? The basic principle that applies to both internal and external devices is that we need to first install the device and then we need to install the device driver. Today, let us discuss the Internal and external devices of tRead more
What Is A Basic Principle That Applies To Both Internal And External Devices?
The basic principle that applies to both internal and external devices is that we need to first install the device and then we need to install the device driver. Today, let us discuss the Internal and external devices of the computer. CPU, DVD drive, motherboard, hard drive, sound card, random access memory(RAM), VGA card, all in one card reader, Fan, power supply unit are some of the internal devices of the computer.
Monitor, keyboard, mouse, speaker, camera. microphone, uninterrupted power supply, modem, hard drive, CPU case, pen drive, cable printer, scanner are some of the external devices.
Now let us know some of the basic principles of internal components in detail. firstly let us list mainly five internal components and then we list each of these component principles in detail. The control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities.
In the control environment, the business will show commitment to ethical and integrity values. These principles are not the easiest to write and then to communicate. In the control environment, the management can plan the authorities, responsibilities, and reports. It will also show commitment and development towards the objectives.
Another internal component is risk assessment, in which the risk assessment will specify all the objectives and also enables the identification of the objectives. The risk assessment will also analyze and tells how to handle the risks. It also considers the fraud and the achievement of the objectives.
Another type is control activities, all the performance and the information processing can be controlled by the control activities. The business also supports the control activities to support the objectives.
The Information and communication will consider the relevant information for the functioning of the internal controls. It contains all the records and their values.
The monitoring activity is another type of internal control device, it makes sure all the internal information is correctly installed or not.
Now let us know about the external devices, all the input-output operations can be achieved by the external devices only. Here the common principle between the internal and the external device is that the installation of the device must be installed first before installing the device driver. We can connect external devices by using the I/O module. The input-output module is connected to all the external devices. The external devices are also called peripheral devices. There are three different categories of external devices. They are human-readable, machine readable and the other one is communication.
We have input devices and output devices. The input devices are used to send the data to a computer, and the output devices are used to display the results given as input for the users.
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