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Why Does A Recursive Static Route Require Two Routing Table Lookups?
Why Does A Recursive Static Route Require Two Routing Table Lookups? Now let us learn about the static route detail. We have directly attached with the static route, recursive static route and we have fully specified static route. Now let us know each of these types of the static route in detail. NoRead more
Why Does A Recursive Static Route Require Two Routing Table Lookups?
Now let us learn about the static route detail. We have directly attached with the static route, recursive static route and we have fully specified static route. Now let us know each of these types of the static route in detail.
Normally, the directly attached static route only needs to specify the output interface. That means the router can able to find the destination which is directly attached to the output interface and we also assign the packet destined to the hop address. This hop may be any interface for supposing a point-to-point interface. This directly attached static route to use a command as below.
Ip route network network-mask output-interface I’d.
Now let us know about the recursive static route in detail. If you want to forward the engine to any device you must know the interfaces that the outbound packets must use. The recursive static route will normally specify the IP address of the next hop. The recursive loop is mainly used when we want to locate the route towards the next-hop address.
This recursive static route will enable us in order to install the recursive static route. This recursive static route will be installed in a base which is called a routing information base. But what is this routing information base? This routing information base is shortly called RIB. It is data that will be stored in the router or it will be stored in the network that stores all the list of rounds in order to reach the destination.
In the recursive static route, only the route map can enter into the virtual routing and will forward the data. If another map is entered into the virtual routing then it will override the previously entered map.
This recursive static route is a type of route where the next-hop address and its destination network will be covered by another route in the routing information base. These will be called redundant routes and this will be installed in the recursive static route.
By installing this in the routing information base, it allows us to redistribute all specific fruits that are within the network.
Now let house No how to install the recursive static route in detail. This vehicle static route can be installed by the following steps, firstly we enable the execution mode by simply entering the login credentials. After this, we configure the terminal by simply entering the Global configuration mode.
After this, we create the virtual routing, and we simply forward the packets into the routing table. And enter the configuration mode.
This configuration mode will specify the route and will be able to distinguish the vrf instance. Here the vrf is nothing but the virtual routing and forwarding.
And the other type of static route is called a fully specified static route. This fully specified static route is mainly created in order to avoid the limitations of problems that occurred in recursive static route, as we said earlier this recursive static route, will changes it provides through the different outbound interfaces in the same direction that it moves, but if it changes the direction and moves to the opposite direction then it causes a serious problem, to avoid this we use the fully specified static route.
To configure the fully specified static route simply use a command as below
IP route network network-mask output-interface-id next-hop-IP.
See lessWhat Part Of The Interface Configuration Is Not Displayed In The Command Output?
What Part Of The Interface Configuration Is Not Displayed In The Command Output? Today let us discuss the internet configuration in detail. Normally the service will not be working in the isolation, this service normally will work within the networks. In the network, every device must contain an addRead more
What Part Of The Interface Configuration Is Not Displayed In The Command Output?
Today let us discuss the internet configuration in detail. Normally the service will not be working in the isolation, this service normally will work within the networks. In the network, every device must contain an address in order to receive or to send the information to the other device.
Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail, let’s say we normally have a single interface network assume the IP address of this device is 188. 166.227.20. The device that gets connected to the server will have multiple computers that are connected to it, it can have any number of interfaces that are connected to it.
Each server will be having a special type of interface which is called a loopback interface, now let us know the configuration of all these interfaces in the network.
We have several different commands that are present in the network, now let us know each of these commands in detail. Firstly we have the if config command, the ifconfig command is considered as a similar command as that of the IP config command.
The ifconfig command in the Windows operating system will be similar to the ipconfig command in the Linux operating system. Here, the if stands for interface configuration.
The Ifconfig command in the Windows operating system will be similar to the ipconfig command in the Linux operating system. Here, the if stands for interface configuration.
If we wanted to know whether we are connected to the Internet or not we simply use a command called as ping command. And if we want to find the Mac address simply use the command called ifconfig. This ifconfig will be used in order to find the information.
Now let us know some of the important commands that are normally used in the network configuration. By simply using the nano/etc/hostname, this is a command where we can find the hostname very easily on the shell. And we can configure the interfaces in the nano/etc/network/interfaces file.
The ifconfig command will mostly be used in order to configure the network interfaces. In order to set up the necessary interfaces, we use this ifconfig. The if config command will be used in order to assign the IP addresses to the interface, we can also enable or disable the interfaces that we have given.
The other command is the ifup command, this is command is basically used in order to allow the data to be transmitted and received. Based on the interfaces, we simply configure the ifup command.
Similarly, we have another command called as ifdown command, the ifdown command will be used to work opposite to the ifup command.
It is mainly used in order to bring the interface down and we can able to make the transmission and receiving of the data.
The ifdown command is mainly used to configure the interfaces. We configure the ifdown command based on the definitions that are in the file.
Along with this, we have another command called the ifquery, which is used to parse the interface configuration.
See lessWhat Is The 48-Bit Ethernet Address Of Your Computer?
What Is The 48-Bit Ethernet Address Of Your Computer? Before we discuss the 48 bit Ethernet address, firstly let us know about the Mac address in detail. The term Mac stands for media access control. This media access control is like a unique type of identifier that can be used to assign the NIC carRead more
What Is The 48-Bit Ethernet Address Of Your Computer?
Before we discuss the 48 bit Ethernet address, firstly let us know about the Mac address in detail. The term Mac stands for media access control. This media access control is like a unique type of identifier that can be used to assign the NIC card. Normally this matrix is used in order to maintain communications with the other devices.
Now let us actually know what is Ethernet address is in detail. Normally a simple Ethernet address consists of 6 bytes these six B are nothing but the 48 bits.
This 48 bit Ethernet address will be presented in the form of hexadecimal that can be delimited by the symbols like dashes or Collins.
The below example shows the structure of the Ethernet address.00-01-42-A9-C2-DD. This is a presentation of the Ethernet address that is separated by the dashes.
00:01:42:A9:C2:DD, this presentation represents the Ethernet that is separated by the collins.
Usually, these Ethernet addresses are considered as a global unit type of addresses, Hare no of the two Ethernet devices will be able to share the same addresses and in order to achieve this address, the first of the three bytes of any addresses will be called as the OUI. This o u stands for the organisationally unique identifier.
Here the Hyderabad will be able to assign all these various types of manufacturers like Dell and HP. The other name for this type of address is called vendor ID. And the manufacturers will be able to assign all the remaining three types of B to the various special hosts.
This part is also called the host ID. Now let us take an example in order to understand this in detail. Suppose the OUI 00-01-42 will belong to Cisco. That means this Cisco can able be used in order to manufacture the network card and will help to assign the addresses to the 00-01-42-00-00-01.
This can also be able to assign the address to another card like 00-01-42-00-00-02. It represents that these types of addresses will have the same type of vendor ideas but it has different types of host IDs. Hence you can say that we have the 2 ^ 24 number of host IDs.
These internet addresses will also be considered as the two types of spatial bits. Now let us know each of these types in detail. The first type of spatial bit will indicate the address is the unicast address or it is the multicast address. This first meet is called the least important beat within all the important bites.
One of the types of multicast addresses is called the broadcast address. Other countries of a group or set of missions or devices that contain all the machine addresses. It is nothing but all these machines will be part of their broadcast group.
The second part of the spatial will indicate whether the addresses or truly globally unique or not. And it is also the second most least important byte.
See lessTelephone Connections Follow What Registered Jack Standard?
Telephone Connections Follow What Registered Jack Standard? Registered Jack 11 standard follows the telephone connections. Today let us learn about the visited Jack 11 concept in detail. This is registered Jack 11 is considered as one of the standardized telecommunication networks. It is mainly usedRead more
Telephone Connections Follow What Registered Jack Standard?
Registered Jack 11 standard follows the telephone connections. Today let us learn about the visited Jack 11 concept in detail. This is registered Jack 11 is considered as one of the standardized telecommunication networks. It is mainly used in order to connect the communication between the two devices through voice and data equipment by a service provider that is provided by the local exchange carrier.
This local exchange carrier is also called the long-distance carrier. All the registration interfaces will be first defined by the Universal Service ordering code music system. This is mainly used in order to comply with the registration program for all the customers that are supplied with telephone equipment mandated by the Federal Communications Commission.
These are subsequently called the code of Federal Regulations. All these specifications will include the physical construction wiring and all signal semantics. According to this, all the registered jacks will be named by the letter RJ and this is followed by the two digits that will Express the type. And in addition to this, all the letters suffixes are indicated by the simple minor variations.
Let us take an example in order to understand this. Let’s say we have rj11 rj14 and we also have RJ 25. These are one of the most commonly used interfaces for all the telephone connections like 1 2 and 3 line services and so on. All these standards will be considered as one of the legal definitions in the United States and also many of the interfaces will be used across the world.
And all the connector that is used for this installation of the registered Jack will be considered as one of the modular connectors. Let us take an example to understand this. Let’s say we have rj11 that is mostly used for the six-position and the conductor.
Now let us know the basic difference between all different types of connectors. We have RJ 22 RJ 11 rj12 rj45 types of connectors. All these are called modular plugs.
Now, these modular plugs will be used in many of the different types of data like a voice audio-video and many more. And this module + will be able to control the signals and also this modular plus will be available in different types of species.
Now let us know the difference between always different types of connectors. The RJ 22 please call one of the smallest of the modular plugs and it is also mostly used some of the handset cords. This RJ 22 is called the 4p and 4c. It is nothing but it has four positions and four contacts to it.
Another type of connector is called rj11, this rj11 is slightly larger than the RJ 22 connector. And mostly found in the line cords. This rj11 is mostly used in some of the plates and control signals. Here RJ 11 has 6 positions and 4 contacts to it.
And the other one is called the RJ – 12 which is much of RJ 11 in terms of its size and can be seen in many line cords.
See lessAs The Victim Of A Smurf Attack What Protection Measure
As The Victim Of A Smurf Attack What Protection Measure? Today let us learn about the concept of the Smurf attack in detail. The Smurf attack is one of the types of DOS attacks. This dos is nothing but a denial of service attack. The main aim of the denial of service attack is in order to target theRead more
As The Victim Of A Smurf Attack What Protection Measure?
Today let us learn about the concept of the Smurf attack in detail. The Smurf attack is one of the types of DOS attacks. This dos is nothing but a denial of service attack. The main aim of the denial of service attack is in order to target the system device or a network and make all the resources unavailable to the users.
This denial of service Works By simply making the network or any device to be temporarily unavailable. Usually, in the denial of service, many of the attackers will be able to create the package called ICMP and this ICMP packet will be sent to the IP broadcast packet.
The attacker will use the IP address of target devices and the source devices when the devices in the network receive the ICMP packet and after receiving the ICMP packet the devices will be able to send the replies. And the ICMP packets that are sent before consist of a spoofed IP. Hence all the replies that are sent will be received by the attacker.
This is how the smurf attack works. All the computers or devices that are present in the network replies will be received by the attacker device.
And as the number of users increases, the ICMP replies will block the target host machine, now this will slow down the target host machine and lead to entirely inaccessibility. Now, this is called a denial of service attack.
Now let us know how to prevent the Smurf attack. There are mostly three different types of ways in order to prevent the Smurf attack. Firstly all the hosts and the routers that are present in the network can able to configure and can able to not respond to the ICMP requests.
Here we can able to configure all the routers in order to not forward the packets directly to the IP addresses. This Smurf attack is considered as the distributed denial of service attack where all the large numbers of the internet control message protocol which is shortly called ICMP along with the intended victim spoofed IP addresses will be broadcasted into the computer by simply using an IP address.
Most of the devices that are present on the network will default respond to by simply sending the replies to the source IP address.
And as we said earlier if the number of devices that are receiving and sending the replies is more then the victims will be get flooded with the traffic and it will slow down the computer.
These victims’ computers will be closed until it becomes impossible to work on them anymore. Most of the IP addresses will be able to participate in the small type of attacks. Here this will be able to respond to the request that is sent by the broadcast addresses.
Hence many least number of their computers be able to vulnerable the Smurf attacks. There are two types for fixing, One is to unfold the individual devices. Or configuring the routers in order not to forward the packets.
See lessWhat Are The Two Major Components Of A Processor Cooler Assembly?
What Are The Two Major Components Of A Processor Cooler Assembly? Heatsink and Fan are the two major components of a processor cooler assembly. Today let us learn about what actually processor cooler assembly is in detail. The processor cooler assembly is one of the systems that are to ensures propeRead more
What Are The Two Major Components Of A Processor Cooler Assembly?
Heatsink and Fan are the two major components of a processor cooler assembly. Today let us learn about what actually processor cooler assembly is in detail. The processor cooler assembly is one of the systems that are to ensures proper cooling. Without knowing or without giving any proper cooling system we should not build a computer. Now let us know what are CPU coolers and what is the use of these CPU coolers in detail.
The CPU coolers are mainly designed in order to control the heat that is coming out of the processor. We all know that the process is like the heart of the computer. We use many different types of products like fans radiators and many other different types of tools in order to make the system cool.
The heatsink and Fan are some of the tools which are used for cooling purposes. Now let us know each of them in detail. Normally the modern electronics that are present will be having a great amount of complexity that is present in a smaller place. Due to the smaller space, it might create a lot of heat that might not be said it can also reduce the lifetime of the system. It may also destroy the System.
et us know one of the two used for the cooler of the system that is called a heat sink. The heat sink will be used normally in recent electronic devices. Here the heat sink name itself suggests that we can able to absorb The various heat that is emerged from the electronic devices
Now, this generated energy will be transformed into surroundings, The surroundings are nothing but water oil, and many more that Are surrounding us on daily basis.
As we said earlier the cooling systems are in various sizes, And hence the heat sink is also available in various different sizes and fact in various different shapes. The main aim of the purpose of this heat sink Is that in order to reduce the heat completely remove the heat that is generated by the electronic device from itself.
These heating things are mostly used in electronic devices in order to remove the heat That is generated from these electronic devices. Now, let us discuss the devices That use the cooling systems.
We have many different devices like CPU RAM modules. Let’s say in high performance of the RAM module, They mostly use the heat spreader. And also these are mostly used as LED modules For example transistors and high-power MOSFETs.
These heat sinks will be operated in the form of temperature ranges. Now let us know the reason why these heat sinks are mainly required, Aslam deletes you know why these electronic devices are getting heated, suppose if you take any electronic device, the work that is done by the electronic device and the energy that released by the electronic device all the energy that generated from this electronic devices will not be used useful work.
Now let us take an example in order to understand this concept in detail. Let say we have an LED the energy generated by this led will be converting into the form of light. Here we need to make so that not all the energy that is generated by this led will be converted into the form of light. The remaining energy will be moving out in the form of heat.
And if you want to say it in a different way the LED or any electronic device will have a definite number of resistors that are present to it, now these resistors can able to release the power in the form of heat
See lessWhat Key Advantage Does A Virtual Router Have Over A Physical Router
What Key Advantage Does A Virtual Router Have Over A Physical Router The key advantage of this virtual router is that we can able to connect multiple networks to a single interface. Today let us know what is actually the difference between the physical routing and virtual router in detail. Let us taRead more
What Key Advantage Does A Virtual Router Have Over A Physical Router
The key advantage of this virtual router is that we can able to connect multiple networks to a single interface. Today let us know what is actually the difference between the physical routing and virtual router in detail.
Let us take an example to understand this in detail. Let’s say we have a layer 3 type of interface were on the inside and outside. And we use the virtual router and we will come and these two layers. Here the routing table can able to decide which type of traffic to which destination.
Normally all the virtual routers can be called shortly VR. Let us take an example to understand this virtual router working in detail. Let’s say we have a production environment and simultaneously in the production environment we will be having a pre-production environment. This will be having the same IP subnet. Hear both of these are connected to a Firewall.
Here we need to define a layer 3 interface and we simply need to create a dedicated virtual type of router for the pre-production and we also have a virtual router for the production type environment. And we also have a dedicated virtual router for the pre-production environment the cultures of some dedicated interfaces.
Here we can say that we will be having two dedicated paths along with the firewall that is present in between, so there will be no way that we can able to communicate to any other end.
Let us also consider another type of June which is called a production zone. Now this will be assigned to both types of interfaces. Let’s say we also have an internet zone on the outside of the production zone.
Now let us discuss the physical router in detail. Naruto is nothing but a networking device that is normally used to send data from one network to another network. The physical router will be connected to the two networks through a local area network or through a wide area network. Let us take an example to understand the concept of physical routers in detail. Let’s say we will be having a small place in which more than a hundred computers are connected to it. Since the number of computers is very small, we can use a switch since we have only a small number of computers. And if you want internet connectivity to all these computers, we need to establish a communication between these computers. Hare the connection must be established from the Local area network to the external network.
Now let us learn how this connection is established. For this, we need the help of the internet service provider. Let us take an example in order to understand the working of the physical router.
Let’s say we have two interfaces or let say we have two ports. Here one interface will be connected to the local area network And another interface will be connected to the router that is connected to the ISP network.
This ISP network is nothing but the internet service provider network. One side is going to connect the local area network and the others will be connected to the ISP network. The shooter is used in the layer three network layer device. This Rudra also consists of a routing table that contains all the IP addresses of the destination address.
This routing table will help to where the packet should be reached.
See lessWhat Is The Fastest Ethernet Standard That Can Possibly Be Used On Twisted-Pair Cabling?
What Is The Fastest Ethernet Standard That Can Possibly Be Used On Twisted-Pair Cabling? 10 base t is the fastest internet standard that can able to used on the twisted pair cable. Today let us discuss the twisted pair cable and the fast Ethernet standard 10-base-T in detail. 10base T is a standardRead more
What Is The Fastest Ethernet Standard That Can Possibly Be Used On Twisted-Pair Cabling?
10 base t is the fastest internet standard that can able to used on the twisted pair cable. Today let us discuss the twisted pair cable and the fast Ethernet standard 10-base-T in detail.
10base T is a standard that can be used for implementing the Ethernet at networks by using a cable called a twisted pair cable. This Unshielded twisted pair cable exam is mainly used for connecting the two stations and to hubs in order to form a single network.
This is 10 bestie is like a popular form of 10 MBPS ethernet. 10 base taken able to support with the bandwidth of 10 MBPS. The 10 best days are mostly based on the specifications of 802.3 the days developed by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers which is shortly called IEEE.
Now let us know the working of this 10 base T. These 10 best T networks are mostly combined together in the form of a star topology. This unshielded twisted pair cable is mostly used for wiring.
This UTP has different types of categories like 3,4,5 that can able to terminate with rj45 connectors.
Now let us know about the twisted pair cable in detail.
Normally we have different types of cables that are used in order to connect different types of devices. In the network, most of the common cables are called coaxial cable twisted pair cable of optical cable and many more cables are present in the networking concept. All of these uses will mainly depend on the network topology like hardware software and the size of the network.
All the networking cables and connectors mostly belong to the physical layer of the OSI model. Now let us learn about the twisted pair cable in detail.
All the modern networks will be made from the 8 words that are twisted in the form of pairs. These boys are normally twisted in order to eliminate any crosstalk that occurs during the transmission of the data. All these Twister pairs are of four types. There Orange, blue, green, red.
In each of these pairs, one where is called a solid color and the other guy will be called a white. More resistance will be present if more twist pairs are done.
This twisted pair cable can be of two types. They are shielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair. Now let us know each of these types of twisted pairs in detail.
The below figure represents the shielded twisted pair, these shielded twisted pair consists of an outer layer which is like a Shield or a plastic jacket. The other layer is called braided shielding. This braided field is like a metallic section that can able to protect the cable from all electromagnetic interference.
The other one is called an unshielded twisted pair. This Angela twisted-pair normally has two layers, one is a plastic shield and the other one is a wire insulator. This shielded twisted pair doesn’t contain any additional type of shielding. Hence this shielded twisted pair will be less resistant when compared to the shielded twisted pair.
See lessWhat Is A Typical Sign That A Capacitor Is Bad Or Has Failed?
What Is A Typical Sign That A Capacitor Is Bad Or Has Failed? Mostly the capacitors will be discolored or it can have corrosion at the base of the capacitors. Now let us learn about why the capacitors will get failed. The capacitor is like a stone is that can able to store the electric charge. We caRead more
What Is A Typical Sign That A Capacitor Is Bad Or Has Failed?
Mostly the capacitors will be discolored or it can have corrosion at the base of the capacitors. Now let us learn about why the capacitors will get failed. The capacitor is like a stone is that can able to store the electric charge. We can simply say that it is like a battery that can store electricity. Although this capacitor cannot store the electricity as much as battery stores. But this capacitor can able to release energy much faster than the battery.
Things that are a reason why many of the circuit boards will use capacitors instead of batteries. Now let us know the working of the capacitor in detail.
Now let us take an example to understand the concept of capacitance in detail. Let’s say we had a water pipe that has water in it or flowing through it. Fear the water will flow until we shut. But the first let the water flow into the tank, and here that is close to some of the water and it will help to continue to flow up the water out of the pipe. Here when we shut the path, the water stops coming into the tank. But here we will get the steady supply of the water in the tanks to get empty.
Similarly in the electrical circuits, these capacitors will act as a water tank and will store the energy. This will get released in order to smooth the interaction while flowing. Let’s say if you do a simple circuit on and off very frequently or very fastly without using any capacitor. Then the light will get Flash.
But if we connect a capacitor to the circuit then the light will remain on it without any interactions. Because here the capacitor will be discharging the and will power the circuit.
Let us take another example to understand this concept. Let’s say we have conductive metal plates that are made from aluminum. Hear the dielectric means the material will be polarized when it comes in contact with the electric field.
Let’s say we have a capacitor and a battery that is connected to each other. Hair one side of the capacitor will be connected to the positive side of the circuit and the other side will be connected to the negative. Here we can able to see that one side of the capacitor has a strip and a symbol the symbol will indicate a sign that means whether it is positive or negative. And here the voltages will be able to push the electrons from the negative terminal to over the capacitor. Hence hair all the electrons will be billed on one side or one plate of the capacitor, and the other plate religious some of the electrons.
Here the electrons can able to pass through the capacitor since it has a material called insulating material. The capacitor will be having the same voltage similar to the battery. Normally the voltage will be considered as pressure, here we are going to measure the difference between the two points.
See lessWhich Static Route Statement Shows A Recursive Ipv6 Static Route?
Which Static Route Statement Shows A Recursive Ipv6 Static Route? 2001:db8:cafe:1::/56 2001:db8:1000:10::1 Shows A Recursive Ipv6 Static Route.Today let us learn about the IPv6 static route in detail. Let us take an example in order to understand the static route in detail. Let's say we have a basicRead more
Which Static Route Statement Shows A Recursive Ipv6 Static Route?
2001:db8:cafe:1::/56 2001:db8:1000:10::1 Shows A Recursive Ipv6 Static Route.Today let us learn about the IPv6 static route in detail. Let us take an example in order to understand the static route in detail. Let’s say we have a basic topology, here we have router 1, router 0, and router 2. Hear each of these routers will be having an IP address configuration that is already done on it. Let’s say router 1 doesn’t know the network between router 0 and router 2. Similarly, router 2 will have no idea about the network between router 1 and router 0. In the same way between router 0 and router 2.
The static routing that is taken place in IPv6 will be similar to the static Routing in ipv4. Here we write the IPv6 and we try to route the destination address along with its submit masks and gateway.
Here, each router uses the EUI format, which means it has 64 bits network, if you want to move from one router to another router you need to pass the Gateway that is present between these two routers.
Now let us know some of the advantages of static routing, static routing will be having better security over the network than dynamic routing. All the static rules will have less bandwidth will be compared with the dynamic routing and it doesn’t contain any CPU cycles and it is mostly used in order to calculate or in order to communicate between the routes.
In static routing, which data we send will be known by the sender. Now let us know some of the disadvantages of static routing, the main disadvantage of this static routing is that it is a time-consuming process.
The static routing doesn’t have any high maintenance when we compared it with the dynamic routing. There are many different applications that use static routing, now letters to each of them in detail.
The static routing is mainly used for three purposes, one is the routing table doesn’t require any maintenance for the smaller networks. In static routing, we only use a single route in order to maintain a path to any network, here it doesn’t require any type of specific matches the routing table.
The static routes are mainly used in order to connect to the networks. The static routing is normally used in small networks, this is static routing toll can able to restrict or troubleshoot the traffic that flows between all these small networks and it can also provide the simplest configuration. The IPv6 static routing is the most reliable configuration when we compare it with the dynamic routing. The IPv6 static routing can able to configure by simply using the commands like the IPv6 route.
The static route can be used in order to connect to a specific Network and can able to provide a gateway of last resort, the Gateway of last resort is nothing but it is used mainly when there is no route to send the packet then we use this gateway of last resort. This gateway of last resort is also called the default route.
When no destination address is mentioned for any specific packet then it directly goes into the default route.
See less