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What Term Describes A Layered Security Approach That Provides The Comprehensive Protection?
What Term Describes A Layered Security Approach That Provides The Comprehensive Protection? The defense in-depth will describe the layered security approach that provides the comprehensive problem. Today let us discuss the defense-in-depth in detail. Normally there are threats to every system that aRead more
What Term Describes A Layered Security Approach That Provides The Comprehensive Protection?
The defense in-depth will describe the layered security approach that provides the comprehensive problem. Today let us discuss the defense-in-depth in detail.
Normally there are threats to every system that are present. There are several attackers who are trying to exploit them.
If we want to secure the system, firstly we need to consider the concept of the defense in depth.
Now let us actually know what actually the defense in depth means?
This defense in depth principle states that there is none or at least two things that will be secured completely in a system.
The main use of this is if one of the parts of the security system fails, then the other part of it must be able to resist the attack.
In a practical way, it represents the application of security for the layers.
Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail.
Here we can able to have the firewall and we can also have an IPS that is present on the edge of the network.
Here, after the firewall that means behind the firewall, there may consist of the email scanning service and on the work station, it may consist of the anti virus software.
For suppose if the attacker tries to send some of the malicious information or messages through this email.
Here the firewall and the IPS may not be able to pick the application which is of malicious information.
For this, we need to rely on the email scanner. Here if the email scanner is also down because of some of the circumstances. Let say the email scanner may have crashed. Hence, this email scanner cannot be able to pick the malicious information that is sent by the user.
Here we do not need to worry about that thing, but we have antivirus software that is present at the back of the email scanner. This will be able to protect or prevent from getting malicious information into the system.
We can learn this in detail in the defense in depth principle, this defense in depth will be able to reduce the risk and will able to provide the expensive security breach between it.
Here the common security mistake that occurs in many of the system users will mostly rely on the firewall.
But it will not be a safe thing to always rely on the firewalls. many people think that having a firewall can able to prevent the system from malicious information.
But it is not true in every possible case. Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail. Let say that the firewall will be using the IP addresses and the port numbers in order to allow or to deny the traffic that is coming. All this can be done by some of the advanced security firewalls that are present. This advanced firewall can able to determine if any attackers are trying to send malicious information.
See lessWhat Are Two Characteristics Of Ram On A Cisco Device? (Choose Two.)
What Are Two Characteristics Of Ram On A Cisco Device? (Choose two.) The ram stands for random access memory. Here all the configurations which are actively running are all stored in the random access memory. And also, after the system is get turned off all the data that is been active will be lost.Read more
What Are Two Characteristics Of Ram On A Cisco Device? (Choose two.)
The ram stands for random access memory. Here all the configurations which are actively running are all stored in the random access memory. And also, after the system is get turned off all the data that is been active will be lost.
Now let us know some of the characteristics and working of the random access memory in detail.
Random-access memory is considered one of the most important parts of the computer system. Now we learn about primary and secondary memory in detail.
Normally the primary memory is called the temporary memory or the random access memory. This ram will be stored in the motherboard of the computer. It is particularly stored in the modules that are called the dual inline memory module.
The name itself suggests that it will be having two pins that are independent on each side. This DIMM memory module will have lof 168, 288,184, or 240 pins.
This DIMM will be mainly installed on the motherboard that is present on the memory slots.
Here the motherboard will be having any number of memory slots. Normally the average motherboard will contain two to four memory slots. To run a program or to run any data on the computer, the random access memory must be loaded into it first. So that the data or any program will be stored in the permanent storage memory and later it moves into the random access memory.
After the data gets loaded into the random access memory, the CPU can able to access the data that is currently running.
If the memory capacity is low, then it cannot be able to hold the data that the CPU needs. For this, some amount of the data will be kept on the slower hard drive for the low memory capacity.
Therefore, it will slow down the computer. To resolve this problem we will try to increase the amount of ram on the computer.
After the increase of the memory then we can easily able to load the data fastly into the random access memory. Hence, the computer will be running very fast. In this way, the computer which consists of the more random access memory will work more efficiently than the computer which has less random access memory.
For the fastest ram, normally requires continuous electrical power in order to store the data. And when this power gets off the data that currently is running will be get lost. We also have types of the rams like the dynamic ram which is shortly called the dram, SDRAM stands for the asynchronous ram and many more.
The SDRAM type of the memories will be used in many of the random access memory DIMMs.
The capacity of the SDRAM will be similar bro the capacity of the dram. But there is a slight difference between the SDRAM and the dram. The Dram will be operated very asynchronously with the help of the system clock. But the SDRAM will be operated synchronously with the help of the system clock.
See lessA Network With 6 Bits Remaining For The Host Portion Will Have How Many Usable Host Addresses?
A Network With 6 Bits Remaining For The Host Portion Will Have How Many Usable Host Addresses? A network with 6 bits remaining for the host portion will have 62 usable host addresses. Now let us know how to calculate the total number of the usable host idS on a network if a subnet mask is given to iRead more
A Network With 6 Bits Remaining For The Host Portion Will Have How Many Usable Host Addresses?
A network with 6 bits remaining for the host portion will have 62 usable host addresses. Now let us know how to calculate the total number of the usable host idS on a network if a subnet mask is given to it.
Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail. Let say how many total numbers of the usable host ids we can have on the /24 network?
Here /24 will be considered as the subnet mask.
In the binary language /24 will represent the subnet mask that has all the 24 ones that can be followed by another eight number of the zeros. This is considered the 32-bit length.
These 8 bits of the zeroes can be reserved as the host ids. This host I’d be signed to the host or it can be signed to the computer. This can also be connected to the networking device which is present on a certain network.
Here in order to get the total number of usable ids, we have a simple formula that is called the h=2×-2.
Now let us know what this formula represents. Here the H will represent the total number of the host ids which can be usable. And the term X will stand for the number of the zeroes that of a subnet mask.
Here the term X will represent that there is the number of the zeroes that are present. For suppose if we have the X number of the zeroes then X is equal to 8.
Now the calculation is as 2^8-2 which is equal to 254.
Hence the total number of host ids that can be used will be 254.
Here we may have a doubt why should be subtracted with the -2.
Now let us know about that in detail. the term 2^X will represent the total number of the host ids that are present. But there are two exceptions for this.
That is there are two ids, one is the network I’d and the other one is the unique I’d for any certain network.
The network I’d is like the every I’d that has a zip code to it.
Here the last id will represent the network broadcast I’d, this broadcast I’d be represented by any of the hosts on any certain network in order to broadcast.
For this reason, we need to subtract it by 2 from the total number of the host ids. Here is the network I’d and the other one is the broadcast I’d be able to the host that is present on the network.
Hence this will be most helpful for the concept of the subnetting and the subnetting of the subnet.
This IP address will have two portions one is like the host portion and the other one will be as the network portion. Here the network and host portion will be different for the different classes.
See lessWhat Are Three Responsibilities Of The Transport Layer? (Choose Three.)
What Are Three Responsibilities Of The Transport Layer? (Choose three.) Firstly, it should be able to meet all the requirements and it should provide multiple communication and the multiplexing of all the devices on the same network. Thirdly, it should be able to identify or should be able to handleRead more
What Are Three Responsibilities Of The Transport Layer? (Choose three.)
Firstly, it should be able to meet all the requirements and it should provide multiple communication and the multiplexing of all the devices on the same network. Thirdly, it should be able to identify or should be able to handle the data that is transmitted by identifying its applications and then services. Today, let us discuss what actually the transport layer is along with its responsibilities.
The transport layer is the fourth layer of the OSI model. The transport layer is mainly responsible for its end-to-end connectivity. But what actually, the connected means? The connectivity is nothing but using of the number of sequences along with its acknowledgment.
The transport layer is also called the heart of the OSI model. Now, let us learn about the tasks that are performed by the transport layer of the OSI model. The transport layer will mainly identify the services. It also works on the session multiplexing segmentation and many more. It will also deal with the error correction and the sequencing and its resembling.
Now, let us discuss each of these concepts in detail. Firstly we need to identify the transport service, it basically consists of two transport concepts. They are Transmission control protocols and the other one is called the user datagram protocol. Now, let us learn about the basic definition of TCP and the UDP.
Firstly, the TCP is nothing but a connection-oriented reliable protocol, this TCP works slower than that of the UDP. Whereas UDP stands for user datagram protocol, it is mostly a connection-less and nonreliable protocol. Some of the best examples for UDP are that DNS, DHCP, TFTP, and many more.
The best examples for the TCP such as SMTP, FTP, and many more. The connection-oriented is nothing but it follows the three-way handshake. Now, let us actually know what is actually, the three-way handshake protocol is. Here, when we want to establish a transmission between the two hosts, we need to create a connection between the two devices.
Here in the three-way handshake, the requester who is trying to send the information will first syn message to the sender. The syn segment is nothing but a request that is sent by the requester in order to maintain a connection between the requester and the sender. After sending the syn segment, the sender will reply back to the requester along with the syn segment ad acknowledgment. After the requester receives the acknowledgment along with its syn segment sent by the sender. Now, this requester will again send an acknowledgment message to the sender and inform that it has reached its acknowledgment. And then finally, the connection establishment will take place. Due to the three-way handshake, the TCP is known as the connection-oriented protocol.
As we said earlier, the UDP is a connection-less protocol, this is because we do not need to maintain any connection between the two devices. It can directly start to send the data, and it also does not use any type of acknowledgments in UDP.
See lessWhich Command Will Display The Uid, Gid And Groups Your Current User Belongs To?
Which Command Will Display The Uid, Gid And Groups Your Current User Belongs To? The id command will display the Uid, Gid, and the groups of the current user. Now, let us discuss the id command in detail. The Id command is normally used to print the real and the effective user and also the group idsRead more
Which Command Will Display The Uid, Gid And Groups Your Current User Belongs To?
The id command will display the Uid, Gid, and the groups of the current user. Now, let us discuss the id command in detail. The Id command is normally used to print the real and the effective user and also the group ids. Now, let us know what is actually the UID, GID. The UID and GID are normally called user ids and group ids. Here when you enter the command id and then press enter. Here it will be able to display all the details about a particular log id and its user id.
We can say that it can able to display the user identification number group identification number and then the group that he joined into. It will also display the security context which is assigned to its user id.
Now, let us discuss another subcommand like when we type id -a. It is the type of command that is mainly used in the multi-platform Linux operating system that can able to avoid the platform-dependent output.
Hence, we can say that if we type the same id -a command in any different operating system like Linux, it will also display the same output.
This is the only difference between the id and id -a. Here, if we want to see only the secondary types of the groups and not the primary types of the groups, we can simply type the command id -G. Hence, here it will able to provide the numbers which all are belong to the secondary groups.
And suppose, if we wanted to see the real id numbers and display only its names then we can able to type the command id – n. This command will be able to display real ids along with their names.
Here, when we give the command id -Gn, it will only display the names. Instead of the number, it will only provide the names as the output.
We also have another type of command if we want to see the primary rule. We use the command called the id -gn that will only display the user name. Here all the users must contain one user group which we call the primary group.
The user can only able to join the primary group but it can also join a number of the second group. This is called the primary group.
The id command can able to give only the primary group number without providing any of the descriptions. And if we give the id username, then it will be able to display the primary group and then the second group.
And suppose, if we want to see only the security context then we use the command called as the id -Z and then press enter. and here it will be able to display the current user context and if we try to provide the username t will be able to provide its particular user id along with its details.
See lessWhich Three Acronyms/Initialisms Represent Standards Organizations? (Choose Three.)
Which Three Acronyms/Initialisms Represent Standards Organizations? (Choose three.) IANA, IEEE, IETF are the three acronyms that will represent the standard organizations. Today, let us discuss each of these standard organizations in detail. The internet normally has a number of authority functionsRead more
Which Three Acronyms/Initialisms Represent Standards Organizations? (Choose three.)
IANA, IEEE, IETF are the three acronyms that will represent the standard organizations. Today, let us discuss each of these standard organizations in detail. The internet normally has a number of authority functions that are assigned by a single person called Jon Postel. He is the one who assigned the authority functions. He kept all the names of the large computers and all the numbers which are associated with them.
As we already know that the internet has grown tremendously after all these years. Hence, it became that the IANA functions are not able to manage by only a single person. Today this job is done by the ICANN, the term ICANN stands for the internet corporation for assigned names and numbers.
Now, let us know what is actually, the IANA functions. For managing the allocation of the internet numbers are one can able to administrate the domain name system that is associated with those numbers.
Another type of function is that by maintaining the registry of the Technical protocol parameters which can able to keep the internet in a unified manner.
Here, the IANA functions can able to play a crucial role by ensuring the unique identifiers, Now, let us take an example to understand this in detail.
Suppose, we have the internet protocol as a unique identifier. The IP address format is 192.168.0.0, in order to remember this number, we use the name of the IP address which will make it easier to remember.
Now, let us know what it actually IEEE means? The IEEE is considered as more than simply an organization. Normally, it is a tool for many users in order to gain knowledge. It is like a collaborative platform that is made for professionals. Now, the IEEE is considered as a worldwide organization that gets involves thousands of members mainly for the benefit of humanity.
Now, let us know what is actually the IETF. We all know that the internet is like a global city that must need a well-engineered infrastructure in order to keep growing. And in order to maintain it keeps growing we use IETF. The term IETF stands for internet engineering task force, it is like global organizations that can able to collaborate and design all the standards, it can also provide the infrastructure for the innovation that is present on the internet. The IETF is like open participation and is also called the open standards.
We can able to perform many like emailing and instant messaging to the friends and many more. we can also make phone calls to friends and family who are present over the internet.
We all know that the internet addresses can able to understand many different types of the languages and then we can able to be more confident in the information that we are going to access over the internet. Many people will have the address on the internet due to the IETF, hence more people can able to communicate over the internet.
See lessWhat Is The Purpose Of The Switch Command Switchport Access Vlan 99?
What Is The Purpose Of The Switch Command Switchport Access Vlan 99? In order to assign the port to the particular VLAN, we use the switch command. Today, let us learn about the VLAN in detail. We also learn about the configuration of the VLAN along with the verification of the VLAN and assigning thRead more
What Is The Purpose Of The Switch Command Switchport Access Vlan 99?
In order to assign the port to the particular VLAN, we use the switch command. Today, let us learn about the VLAN in detail. We also learn about the configuration of the VLAN along with the verification of the VLAN and assigning the different ports to the different VLANs on a switch.
Now, let us able to configure three different types of VLANs. Assume that we have three different types of the VLANs like VLAN 5, VLAN 6, and VLAN 7. And in order to create some VLANs on the switch, we need to enter the configuration mode. we use the command VLAN and VLAN id. And then we need to simply press the enter button and create Vlan 5, VLAN 6, and then VLAN 7.
Now, after creating the VLANs and we can also try to verify the VLANs. Now, for verifying the VLANs, we use the command called the show command. In this show command, we can see the VLANs that we have created and the names we are given to them.
We can also able to see all the ports that are present on the switch. These are assigned by default by the default VLAN. Now, if we want to assign some of the VLANs, we simply should move into the configuration terminal, and then we move into the interface configuration mode by simply typing the command interface. And then we will assign the faculty VLAN 5 first. Before we assign the port to the VLAN, firstly, we should configure the port to an access port.
hence, the command to configure this is called switch port mode access, after this, we can able to assign the VLAN by simply using the switch port access VLAN command, and then we simply need to assign the port to the VLAN 5.
Here, we also have another command which will help to assign multiple ports all together to the VLAN. This command is called the interface range fa0/. Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail.
For suppose, if we want to assign two ports to any particular VLAN we will use 0/1 – 2 and then we need to configure this port like the access port, and then we need to assign it to the VLAN 6. In the same way, we need to perform to the VLAN 7.
Now, let us know what is actually the access port means?. Let say, we have four different VLANS each of them with them are connected to the switch. And the port which is connecting the computer to the switch will be called the access port. The main reason here is that the access port will only allow one VLAN at a single time.
The VLANs are mostly used in order to maintain communication between one computer to the other computer. hence, after establishing the link between the two computers, the communication will be maintained. Hence, the VLAN will play a crucial between the two computers communication.
See lessA Device Name Of /Dev/Hda1 Indicates This Partition Is On Which Type Of Device?
A Device Name Of /Dev/Hda1 Indicates This Partition Is On Which Type Of Device? On the IDE type of the device, it indicates. Today, let us learn about what is IDE and what actually /Dev/Hda1 indicates? The term IDE stands for the integrated development environment, here similar to the name it suggesRead more
A Device Name Of /Dev/Hda1 Indicates This Partition Is On Which Type Of Device?
On the IDE type of the device, it indicates. Today, let us learn about what is IDE and what actually /Dev/Hda1 indicates? The term IDE stands for the integrated development environment, here similar to the name it suggests. The IDE is like a digital environment that is normally used to develop the gaming software, hardware, it is simply like software that is code related.
This software will offer integration and also provide control in many areas in the development aspect. It can offer integration from the process of debugging. Here, the term debugging is nothing but, adding or removing the change in the code in the program.
By doing this, we can able to prevent the program from running as intended and at last lead to the compiling. We all know what actually the compiling means, the compiling is nothing but the one converting the code that we write into the machine understandable language.
This IDE can able to support many different types of languages. They are many different types of IDE’s, let us know each of them in detail. Some of the IDE’s are from large organizations such as a visual studio. We also have pyCharm that is from another type of organization.
The IDE can also able to launch different languages like C, C++, and many more. We can have many different options when we want to choose the IDE’s.
The IDE is like software that mostly has many different functionalities that are very useful for the developers. It is mainly used for the development of software.
We can also say IDE as the graphical user interface that contains many tools bars. These toolbars will help the programmers in order to write and build the programs in an easier way.
The main note that to be remembered is that the IDE is not considered as the programming language, it is nothing but the one that can be used to program in many different types of programming languages. As we said earlier, the IDE can be used in more than one programming language.
Now let us know why do we use an IDE. In simple words, an IDE is used in order to increase the productivity in the programming that the programmers going to build.
Ans in order to increase its productivity, we use source editor, file management, debugger, and many more.
Now let us know each of them in detail. Here the source editor is used for the purpose of automatic formatting and the syntax color coding and many more. The other one is called file management. This file management will be used to increase the productivity of the programmers. Here we also use the object browsers which can be helpful bro showing the hierarchy of the objects.
We have known many different examples for the IDE, some of them are eclipse, Netbeans, Microsoft, and many more. We also have a free IDE for the python language called as the IDLE.
See lessWhat Are Two Reasons A Network Administrator Might Want To Create Subnets? (Choose Two.)
What Are Two Reasons A Network Administrator Might Want To Create Subnets? (Choose two.) The first main reason the network administrator wants to create the subnet is that in order to improve the network performance. And the second most reason is to reduce the complexity to implement the policies. tRead more
What Are Two Reasons A Network Administrator Might Want To Create Subnets? (Choose two.)
The first main reason the network administrator wants to create the subnet is that in order to improve the network performance. And the second most reason is to reduce the complexity to implement the policies. today let us discuss what is actually subnetting and the use of these subnetting in detail.
All the subnets that are of equal size also contain an equal number of the host ids.
We all know that the internet is like a huge network, here in order to communicate with all the users on the internet, it makes a little difficult. Here in order to make communication easier, we use the subnets. Here the subnets will be able to break the larger area network into the form of the smaller networks which can be more manageable. So that the communication can be performed very efficiently.
Each of the subnets is like a division of the larger area network. All the connected devices to the network will be able to share the same common IP address. This up address will be able to enable communication with the other device.
Here the managing of the communication can be done by the routers between the two subnets. But, what is the size of the subnet, the size of the subnet truly depends on the connectivity requirements of the users. It also depends upon the type of technology that we have used. And to improve network security we use the subnets.
Let us take an example to understand this subnetting in detail. Let say we have hosts which are connected to the internet. The communication can be done through this via a link called the communication link.
This link will be called the interface. Here the host will be having only one type of interface. And the router will consist of two or more links.
We can send and receive the data from these interfaces. It can be only possible if the interfaces have the IP addresses of that particular host. Hence here we can say that the IP address is linked with the interface and not with the host and with the routers.
Now let us know about the what actually the secret behind the subnets mask and why do we use it. We all know that every device that is connected to the network will contain an up address in order to represent the device uniquely. Whenever we use the Mac address we can type the command ipconfig -a in order to get the IP address of that particular subnet mask.
Here we simply type config/all on the window’s command prompt and then after we press the enter button, it will display the unique IP address, subnet mask of that device.
The subnet mask will mostly look like the IP address which is of the same length as the IP address but quite different from each other. The subnet mask is the size of 32 big long that follows 0’s and then 1’s.
See lessFor What Reason Would A Network Administrator Use The Show Interfaces Trunk Command On A Switch?
For What Reason Would A Network Administrator Use The Show Interfaces Trunk Command On A Switch? In order to view the native clan, the network administrator will use the show interfaces truck command on the switch. Today let us discuss the show interfaces and trunk command on a switch in detail. NowRead more
For What Reason Would A Network Administrator Use The Show Interfaces Trunk Command On A Switch?
In order to view the native clan, the network administrator will use the show interfaces truck command on the switch. Today let us discuss the show interfaces and trunk command on a switch in detail.
Now let us know how to configure the trunk mode interfaces on the switches. Normally the trunk mode interfaces are mostly used byo connect between the two switches. We can also connect them between the switch and the host.
The main advantage of the trunk command is that it can able to pass the traffic to the multiple VLANs when we compare it to the access mode interfaces.
Here the untagged traffic will be passed through a clan or by the default VLAN.
And mostly the tagged traffic will be passed to the indicated VLAN. The trunk mode will be able to observe the tagging of 8021.1Q.
Let us take an example to understand this concept in detail. Let us open the command prompt and type enable and press enter after entering the enable the command prompt will be moved into the privileged execution mode.
And now run the show interfaces status on it. Here it will display the configuration which is currently present.
Here the current mode will be indicated by the letter ‘A’. Here A represents the access and the letter T will represent the trunk and the letter G will represent for general.
And when we run the interface range x, where x represents the interface range in order to select.
And when we want to convert this into trunk mode, we use the switch port mode trunk and simply type the exit command.
And to confirm if the changes have been taken place or nor we simply run the show interface status and then press enter.
Here we can see the change in the mode that has taken place.
We can also able to see all the associated VLANs along with their I’d number.
Let us take an example to understand the main difference between the trunk port and the access port.
Let say we have four different types of the VLANs such as VLAN 1,2,3,4 where each is connected to a switch. And assume that these switches are not connected to each other. Hence here we can say that the port that is connected to the computer to the switch will be called the access port. Here the access port can only able to allow only single VLAN at a single time. So that all the VLANs are not able to communicate with each other at a single time.
To resolve this issue and make all the VLANs communicate with each other simultaneously we use the command called the trunk command. Here the trunk command will allow multiple VLANs to traverse at a single time.
The link that is connecting all these VLANs is then connected as a single link and allows multiple VLANs to communicate with each other.
See less