How Is The Internet Built And How Does It Function?
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The Internet is built using a physical infrastructure of connected computers, routers and cables. This infrastructure is further divided into two main areas, namely the physical cabling and the data transmissions that travel through it.
At the most basic level, the physical infrastructure consists of copper wires, fiber-optic cables, and other forms of wired connections that are installed by network providers. These cables and wires connect one point to another and allow data to be transmitted across the entire network. All data sent over the Internet is broken down into packets, which are small pieces of data that contain information about where the data should be sent and from what address it originated. Each packet is routed between the computers that are connected to the physical infrastructure.
At the same time, data transmissions also travel through wireless networks, in particular Wi-Fi. Wireless signals are broadcasted from an access point and then received by compatible devices like smartphones and laptops. The Internet also utilizes satellite technology for certain services.
Once the physical infrastructure is in place, the data that is sent across it needs to be organized in order to be understood. This is done through protocols, which are standardized instructions that define how the data should be sent, received and interpreted.
The main protocol used on the Internet is known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is responsible for allowing devices to communicate with each other. Through this protocol, computers are able to send and receive data, enabling them to interact with websites and other services.
Finally, the Internet also relies upon programs called “servers” which serve up webpages, files and other services to users. These servers receive, store and send data in response to requests from computer systems.