Deauthentication (sometimes referred to as “deauth”) is a process of disconnecting a wireless device from a wireless network without the consent of the user. This process can be used maliciously, allowing an attacker to force a device off a wireless network in order to gain access to it. In addition, deauthentication can be used by network administrators to disconnect users from a network or to reset a connection.

Attack surface is the total number of points at which an unauthorized user can attempt to enter data or gain access to a system, network or application. It is the sum of all the different points of attack that a malicious actor could use to gain access to a system, network or application. Attack surfaces can range from physical access points, such as unlocked doors, to digital access points, such as open ports and vulnerable software. Organizations can reduce their attack surface by implementing security measures to limit the number of points of entry and to protect those points of entry from unauthorized access.

An Ethernet extender is a device that uses existing standard cables, such as Cat5, to extend the length of a network beyond the normal Ethernet range of 100 meters. Ethernet extenders allow for longer distances between two Ethernet devices, such as two computers, by using signal amplifiers. Ethernet extenders are also used to bridge two networks together, such as a LAN and a WAN or two LANs in different buildings, by using signal repeaters.

Hardware and software work together to create a complete computer system. Hardware is the physical components of a computer, such as the case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Software is the coded instructions that tell the hardware how to operate. Both software and hardware must be compatible for the computer to perform the desired functions. For example, a computer needs an operating system (software) in order to properly use the hardware components like the processor, memory, and storage.