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The Ip Address Of 10.240.0.0 With A Subnet Mask Of 255.255.255.0 Represents Which Of The Following?
The IP address Of 10.240.0.0 With A Subnet Mask Of 255.255.255.0 Represents Which Of The Following? Network address with the IP 10.240.0.0 with the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Now, let us learn what is network addressing is?. Let us Learn the concept of IP addressing and the process of subnetting.Read more
The IP address Of 10.240.0.0 With A Subnet Mask Of 255.255.255.0 Represents Which Of The Following?
Network address with the IP 10.240.0.0 with the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Now, let us learn what is network addressing is?. Let us Learn the concept of IP addressing and the process of subnetting. We all know that a host is connected to the internet through a communication medium. The edge that is between the medium and the host is called the Interface. Normally the host will have only a single interface. Otherwise, a router can have two or more mediums, and hence it has two or more interfaces in it.
Both the host and the router can send and receive the IP datagrams through the interfaces. It is also possible if the interface has the address. The addresses that have been called the IP addresses. So the IP address is associated with the Interface and not associated with the host and the router. For suppose, the binary number system uses all the 0’s and 1’s. In the same way, the IPv4 address is 32 bit in length. Each byte will be in the format of decimal numbers that are separated by dots. This type of address is called the dotted decimal notation. A part of the IP address is determined by the subnet to which the device is connected. Now, let us take an example, let us consider a router that is connected to the six hosts via ethernet switch or by the wireless access point. The router will have three types of interfaces where each host has one type of interface. Each interface has its own IP address. Here, each host interface, the router interface, where the hosts are connected to the same IP address format. The network that is connecting the host interfaces and one router interface that have the same IP address is called the subnet. And it is represented as 233.1.1.0/24. Here /24 represents is known as the subnet mask. It means that all the interfaces in this subnet have the same leftmost 24 bits. In the same way, the other subnets are 233.1.2.0/24 and 233.1.3.0/24. An organization has various subnets. Here each subnet has a different address.
The classless interdomain routing manages the concept of IP addressing. or by the CIDR assignment strategy. In the CIDR addressing, the subnet address will generalize to the a,b,c,d/x here the X shows the number of the bits that are left. The first X bits we call the network prefix. An organization is allocated some range of IP addresses with the common network prefix. Let say x=20 which means all the devices within the network have the same leftmost 20 bits in the IP addresses. And now, inside the organization, the remaining 30 – 20 bits means 12 bits are used for additional subnetting. so that, a company can build various subnets within the allotted IP address. The network address represents the IP address of 10.240.0.0 with the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The network address translation is the service that is used in the routers.
See lessWhich Statement Below Correctly Describes How To Manage Span Of Control Using The Modular Concept?
Which Statement Below Correctly Describes How To Manage Span Of Control Using The Modular Concept? We can organize the span of control by organizing all the resources into the different teams, divisions. Today let us learn how to manage the span by using the modular concept. Before we get into that,Read more
Which Statement Below Correctly Describes How To Manage Span Of Control Using The Modular Concept?
We can organize the span of control by organizing all the resources into the different teams, divisions. Today let us learn how to manage the span by using the modular concept. Before we get into that, let us know the basic definition of the span of control. It is a collection of all the subordinates, these subordinates can be managed by the manager’s ineffective use.
To understand this concept, let us learn an example, suppose there are three employees, and there is a boss to manage all the employees. The below figure shows the structure. This type of structure is called the span of control. The below figure consists of a director as the head and the manger1, manager 2, manager 3 are like the subordinates to the head.
The main aim of the span of control is to manage the complexity of the job. The span of control can also lead to the shape of the organization. Now, let us know how the span of control get works?
In earlier days, it is assumed that we 3 to 8 subordinates are sufficient for the span of control, but there is no proof for that assumption till now. After that, a theory came into light by the Graicunas that span of control consists of the three types of relations. They are
Now, let us know each type of relationship in detail. In the direct relationship, there is a direct interaction between the head and the subordinates.
The next type of relation is the group relation. In the group relation, there form a group between the all the subordinates. For suppose, there are three subordinates like A, B, C . Now, In group relation, these subordinates are group together as, ABC, AB, BC, and so on.
And the third type of relation is cross-relationship. There is a formula for the cross-relationship i.e n(n-1). Here n represents the no. of subordinates.
There are some of the challenges that affect the span of control. They are Capacity of superior, degree of planning, the capacity of subordinates, nature of work.
When there is not enough capacity for a manager to manage all the subordinates then it raises the capacity of the superior.
The capacity of subordinates is also equally important to the manager, as the subordinates must be capable enough to make the decisions and to do the work.
The nature of work defines the complexity of the work that is happening. The nature of work is again divided into two types. They are wide and the other one is narrow.
Another main challenge is the degree of planning, maintaining a higher degree of plans while doing the work will increase the degree of the span of control.
Another most challenge is the degree of decentralization. This degree of decentralization defines the power that we give to the next level of the people. It tells, How much power is associated with each of the subordinates.
See lessWhat Does Assigning A Value To A Google Analytics Goal Enable?
What Does Assigning A Value To A Google Analytics Goal Enable? When we assign a value to the google analytics goal, then we can enable the website conversion funnel. Today, let us learn the goal conversions and the changes in the website. It is essential to have google analytics if we have a websiteRead more
What Does Assigning A Value To A Google Analytics Goal Enable?
When we assign a value to the google analytics goal, then we can enable the website conversion funnel. Today, let us learn the goal conversions and the changes in the website. It is essential to have google analytics if we have a website of our own. Every website has google analytics. By this, we can simply measure the conversions and the other important goals that are required.
Firstly let us learn how to set up the goals and how to measure the website performance for any small business or company. Firstly open the google analytics dashboard and sign up to the google analytics account if you do not have an account. On the dashboard, we are going to measure the conversions and the leads that are happening on our website. Let us know the basic understanding of how google analytics works.
Firstly, we need to navigate down to the admin and then should navigate over to the goals, and then we can create our first goal. Click on the new goal and set up the new goal, now we have the option to choose the pre-made template which already has a prefilled configuration.
To understand clearly, let us create a custom. When a user fills in the information and clicks on send. Then all those information will be the potential business to the information that we want to measure. Let us make this name of the goal as the form submission as shown in the below figure. This is simply to avoid confusion when we have lots of goals to check upon. We can manage all of this on the same sets. And we should also set a goal id and goal set and its type. We have different types like destination duration pages and then event and then click continue after selecting the type we need.
And the third step in creating the goals is the goal details. In the goal details, we have the destination, value, and funnel. The destination is the place where the userland after completion of the registration or after entering the information. The value option is for if we have any monetary value associated with it. This will generate the leads after the completion of the information that is entered by the user.
The last option is the funnel. This funnel tells exactly how long the customer got the potential. It exactly says up to where the customer went on the website. The below figure shows how the funnel looks like. We can see how many people arrived at the payment page, registration page, shipping page, etc. So adding the funnels allows you to monitor the pages and can understand the behavior at each level of the website. This funnel option is mainly used in the eCommerce website. We can turn on the funnel step if required and can turn it on if it is not required and at last click on the save button. And then we can set up our first goal. If we want to create the new goal simply click on the new goal on the dashboard and then repeat the
See lessWhat Are Two Examples Of Hybrid Topologies? (Choose Two.)
What Are Two Examples Of Hybrid Topologies? (Choose Two.) The two examples of the hybrid topology are Partial mesh and the extended bar topology. There are many more different types of topologies that are present. Today, let us discuss the basic definition of hybrid topology and its examples. alongRead more
What Are Two Examples Of Hybrid Topologies? (Choose Two.)
The two examples of the hybrid topology are Partial mesh and the extended bar topology. There are many more different types of topologies that are present. Today, let us discuss the basic definition of hybrid topology and its examples. along with its advantages and disadvantages.
The hybrid topology is one of the types of the network topology which can differ by two or more differing at the work topologies. The Hybrid topology link up or combination of all the different network topologies. The below figure 1.1 represents the basic structure of the hybrid topology. For suppose in one department if we are using the ring topology, the other department uses the start or mesh topology. The combination of all these topologies is called the Hybrid topology.
For Example, if we want the ring topology as the backbone and the star topology, we can connect all the four topologies with the single ring topology that will desert in a hybrid topology. Let us know some of the benefits of the hybrid topology.
Now, let us know some of the main disadvantages of the hybrid topology. It has mainly two types of topologies.
Partial topology, extended start topology are the two examples of hybrid topologies. Now, let us know each of them in detail.
Partial Topology
To know about the partial mesh topology let us take a simple example. A partial mesh is like a subset of the full mesh topology. Here we interconnect the links only where it is required. We can arrange this based on the given patterns. The below figure 1.2 represents the structure of the partial topology.
See lessPrograms And Data That Are Stored On A Motherboard Are Referred To By What Term?
Programs And Data That Are Stored On A Motherboard Are Referred To By What Term? Firmware is the term that referred to a motherboard that stores all the data and the programs. Today, let us discuss what is firmware how it works. Firmware is like a computer program that provides low-level control forRead more
Programs And Data That Are Stored On A Motherboard Are Referred To By What Term?
Firmware is the term that referred to a motherboard that stores all the data and the programs. Today, let us discuss what is firmware how it works. Firmware is like a computer program that provides low-level control for the specific hardware device. It can provide a standardized operating environment for any specific device that had more complex software. And for the fewer complexity devices acts as a device complete operating system.
This can perform all-controlling operations like monitoring and all the data manipulation functions. Let us know some of the basic examples of firmware like embedded systems, consumer appliances, computer peripherals, and computers, and so on.
The best example of an engineering product is the television remote control. The firmware is held in the nonvolatile memory device. The nonvolatile memory devices can be ROM, EPROM, flash drive, and so on.
There are some of the basic reasons why we need to update the firmware. They are fixing the bugs, adding some of the features to the devices. The term firmware was first coined in the year 1967 in a Datamation article. The common applications of the firmware are common consumer products like timing and control of the washing machines are the firmware, In the computers the bios and in router and firewalls we use IPFire Libra, etc.
Any software that is mainly designed for the particular hardware or we burn this software completely into some particular hardware is called firmware. All the instructions and information can be permanently stored in some hardware device of the computer. It can be stored in a nonvolatile memory like read-only memory.
These instructions are stored in the hardware device to know how the functioning of the hardware devices should be performed. But we may get a doubt, what is actually the difference between firmware and the software. Yes, there is a difference in the definition of the software and the definition of the firmware. The firmware can be used to find the low-level functions that can become nonfunctional. But in the software, we address all the high-level applications in it.
The computer will be the collection of all individual devices. The firmware can be informed by the CPU on some of the critical devices like random access memory, the hard drive uses all this information to locate the operating system and to perform all the loading processes. The firmware is mostly required before the initialization of the hardware conventional storage locations. In the initial days, the firm was referred to as the bios, the bios came only in a 16-bit processor. Therefore it has 16 bits and one megabyte.
The main advantage of the firmware is it can be directly operated without using any of the API’s device drivers and the operating systems. The firmware will give all the information and instructions in order to communicate with the other devices and allows to perform all the basic tasks and functions. All the basic devices would not function without the help of the firm.
See lessWhat Command Can Be Issued Within Windows Re To Enable Networking?
What Command Can Be Issued Within Windows Re To Enable Networking? We use Wpeinit command that to be issued within the windows Re To enable networking. Today, let us know how to enable and disable the LAN connection by using the commands. To perform these steps, we should follow some of the steps. CRead more
What Command Can Be Issued Within Windows Re To Enable Networking?
We use Wpeinit command that to be issued within the windows Re To enable networking. Today, let us know how to enable and disable the LAN connection by using the commands. To perform these steps, we should follow some of the steps.
Click on the start button and open the command prompt and right-click on the run on the administrator. After opening the command prompt type “netsh interface show interface” and press enter. Now you can see the devices which are get connected and which are not.
In Order to disable the connection, we should use a command called “netsh interface set interface name= Interface name” admin=DISABLE/ENABLE, depends on what operation you want to perform, and then press enter. Here it will enable or disable the connection of the network based on how you put in the command prompt.
There are different networking commands that are issued within windows. The Wpeinit command can be issued within windows to re-enable the networking. Let us learn each of these commands tools that are present in the windows.
The first most basic command in networking is “IP config”. The IP config will give the basic biodata, all the details which are required to understand Ip address, DNS, gateway, and all these kinds of information. The IP config can show all the values of the network configuration of the different networks like TCP/IP, DHCP, DNS, and so on.
It also has a special switch like if you type IP config/, it provides much more information than simple Ip config command. It can also provide the hostname of the particular network. It clearly defines all the networking configurations that are present in the network.
WPEinit is another type of command-line tool that will always initialize the reboot. After the windows get rebooted, the Startnet command script is get executed by the winpeshl.exe, and then it launches the Wpeinit.exe
The Wpeinit is mainly used for the installation of the plug and the play devices. There are different Wpeinit command-line options are present which we can executed manually on the command prompt
The above are the Wpeinit command-line options, that can be specified in the above four ways.
Another most known command is Nslookup, it can provide the exact domain name server that is providing the IP address of any domain name which we are going to query. nslookup is like a network administration tool in order to obtain the DNS records, Ip addresses, etc.
The other is the ping command, it is simply a command that tries to understand to reach the particular host or not, in simple words it checks whether the host is reachable or not. we can use the ping command to put the hostname in the command prompt simply o check whether the hostname is reachable or not.
The other most important one is the traceroute. It shows all the possible routes and all the delays that are occurred in the internet protocol.
See lessWhat Type Of Port Is Sometimes Used By Routers For Management And Configuration Purposes?
What Type Of Port Is Sometimes Used By Routers For Management And Configuration Purposes? The Console port is sometimes used by the routers for management and configuration purposes. Today let us learn about what actually the console port is, the importance of the console port, and the identificatioRead more
What Type Of Port Is Sometimes Used By Routers For Management And Configuration Purposes?
The Console port is sometimes used by the routers for management and configuration purposes. Today let us learn about what actually the console port is, the importance of the console port, and the identification of the console port and all of its ports in the cisco networking. We will also know how to connect all the devices via the console port from the computer.
In simple words, the console port is like the front door that is used for initial access to our networking devices. Let us take an example, take a device like a cisco 3568 port switch and take an Ethernet patch cable. We can see the console port on the cisco 3568 switches. Connect a console cable into the console port and the other end of the console cable is connected to an adapter and the end of this adapter will be connected to the computer.
But if you have a USB connection to the cable, we can directly use it to connect to the computer. The console port can be present at different locations on the networking device.
The console port will provide the terminal access to the device like the router, switch or it can be firewall. The console port is the serial type of the connection. It is usually the r-232 type of connection. In the case of the router, we will be talking about the rollover cable. Many times we talk about it as a common port and like a legacy desktop where we have all the serial ports that are present on the back, but in today’s, we are pushing all those serial ports into the single USB connection that converts it into a 9-pin common port and then it converts into a console cable.
In the case of the cisco router, we will be talking about the rollover cable, it normally rolls the cable between pin1 to pin 8. We should also make sure whether the path rate is set correctly or not. The console connection is essential to us for the serial adapter, we connect the db9 connection into the serial connection and after that, we connect the rollover cable that is plugging into an rj45 port of a router, switch or a firewall that provides the connection.
The console cable is mostly used when we are troubleshooting the network equipment, installing the network equipment, or for any other console, access is required. To use the console cable, we use a USB to RS232 adapter and a console cable, a console terminal emulator. There are also other variations that are available.
We connect all the networking devices for the configuration of the computers and for the purpose of troubleshooting. We will use another type of adapter between the DB9 and the USB port. At the end of the console port, we connect an RJ45 and a USB at the end of the adapter that is connected to the computer or laptop, as we discussed earlier.
See lessWhat Is The Maximum Supported Throughput Of A Cat6 Cable?
What Is The Maximum Supported Throughput Of A Cat6 Cable? Today, let us learn about different types of ethernet cables and their maximum supported throughput in detail. The Maximum supported throughput for the Cat6 cable is 10Gbps. All these network cables are used in the local area networks. Now, lRead more
What Is The Maximum Supported Throughput Of A Cat6 Cable?
Today, let us learn about different types of ethernet cables and their maximum supported throughput in detail. The Maximum supported throughput for the Cat6 cable is 10Gbps. All these network cables are used in the local area networks.
Now, let refer to these ethernet cables as the twisted pair cables. These twisted pair cables are mostly used in the local area network. We can find these ethernet cables connected to the devices like routers, modems, etc.
To connect all the computers and devices with the router, modem, switch. We use ethernet cables in order to provide the internet. One end of the ethernet cable will be plug into the computer and the other end of the ethernet cable will be plug into the router. We have two different types of ethernet twisted pair cables. They are unshielded twisted pairs and the other one is the shielded twisted pair. We have four types of color codes in the unshielded twisted pair. The reason that all the colors are twisted is that to prevent electromagnetic interference between them.
It is mostly used in homes and businesses. We have another type that is called the shielded twisted pair. In the shielded twisted pair has an extra part called the foiled shield that covers all the wires in the shielded twisted pair. And it is mostly used for industrial purposes.
The common cables that we mostly used are the straight cables and the crossover cables. These two types of cables have two different purposes.
These two have two different wiring standards like 568A and 568B that are differentiated based on the color of the wires. Here we also have the straight cables that are connected to the computers through the routers, hubs, modems, etc. It can also connect all the dissimilar devices together.
And the other type of cable is the crossover cable. This cross-over cable is also used in the local area networks. It has two different standards similar to the straight cable. One end has the 568A standard and the other end has the 568B standard. These are mostly used to connect two similar devices. We can directly connect two computers together without connecting to any hub, switch, router, and hub to hub, switch to switch, and router to router.
Now, let us talk about different categories of the twisted pair cables. We are cat 3, cat 5, cat 5e, cat 6, cat 6a, and cat 7. Each of these categories has different speeds and can handle without any crosswalk or interference.
The lowest supported throughput is cat 3 which is 10 Mbps. And most of the networks will be running at the gigabits speeds, so it mostly uses category 5e and category 6.
See lessWhat Is The Minimum Ethernet Frame Size That Will Not Be Discarded By The Receiver As A Runt Frame?
What Is The Minimum Ethernet Frame Size That Will Not Be Discarded By The Receiver As A Runt Frame? The Minimum Ethernet Frame size that will not be discarded by the receiver as a runt frame is 64 bytes. Today, let us discuss the ethernet frame format and its use. The Ethernet frames are decided inRead more
What Is The Minimum Ethernet Frame Size That Will Not Be Discarded By The Receiver As A Runt Frame?
The Minimum Ethernet Frame size that will not be discarded by the receiver as a runt frame is 64 bytes. Today, let us discuss the ethernet frame format and its use. The Ethernet frames are decided in terms of their length. But how can we measure this length?. These are measured in the terms of bytes.
Now, let us discuss the size of the ethernet frame. The below figure represents the ethernet frame. It consists of premeable, destination mac address, source mac address, its type, frame check sequence, and the data. The premeable has 8 bytes, the destination address has 6 bytes, the source address has 6 bytes, the type has 2 bytes, the data has 46-1500 bytes and at last the frame check sequence has 4 bytes. This represents that it has 64 bytes to 1518 bytes for the entire frame.
The header and the trailer that will be used for the encapsulation are included in it. Let us take an example to understand this ethernet format in detail. Let us consider two computers PC1 and PC2. The PC1 wishes to send a frame with a size that is much less than the minimum size of 64 bytes. The PC2 which is at a far distance has a possibility that PC1 will send the last bit of this frame.
If the PC2 employs CSMA and listens to the traffic, during this time it will grant that the link is available for use. If it doesn’t receive any part of the frame sent by the PC1 and hence it will not detect an ongoing transmission. If it proceeds to transmit its own frame, this may cause a collision. Any frame with a length that is much less than the 64 bytes, we call it a runt frame.
Now, let us know what is actually a late collision. If PC1 and PC2 transmit the data at the same time with the entire frame that is placed on the link, and if no collision occurs then we can call it a successful transmission. Even if the collisions have occurred, they do not retransmit the data since it cannot detect the collision that occurred during the transmission. It only assumes that the destination device has received the correct information.
Now, let us discuss each part of the ethernet frame in detail. As we discussed earlier, an ethernet frame has seven parts
The last one is the frame check sequence, it is mainly used for error checking and for the verification of the frame.
See lessThe Ip Connectionless Protocol Relies On What Other Protocol To Guarantee Delivery Of Data?
The IP Connectionless Protocol Relies On What Other Protocol To Guarantee Delivery Of Data? The UDP is the connection-less protocol where all the other protocols rely upon guarantee the delivery of the data. Today let us discuss the concept of the connection-less UDP protocol and why all other protoRead more
The IP Connectionless Protocol Relies On What Other Protocol To Guarantee Delivery Of Data?
The UDP is the connection-less protocol where all the other protocols rely upon guarantee the delivery of the data. Today let us discuss the concept of the connection-less UDP protocol and why all other protocols rely on the UPP for the guaranteed delivery of the data.
The UDP stands for user datagram protocol. It is present at the transport layer of the protocol. The UDP doesn’t provide any services except the process to process communication. The delivery of the data is performed only between the process to process communication instead of the host to host communication.
For suppose when you want to send the information from one client to the server the data must be delivered through a process, so we use the process to process communication in this criteria. Now let us know the user datagram format. The below figure represents the user datagram format. It consists of two parts one is the header and the other one is the data. The header has four major parts, they are source port number, destination port number, total length, and then the checksum. Each of its sizes is 16 bits in length. when a particular client wants to send the data, they can request the UDP software for asking the required port number and the UDP software will reply to the particular port number. It similarly works in the destination mac address.
The total length and the checksum are the other two parts, here the checksum is the only technique to find the errors in the UDP. Here each user datagram that is sent by the UDP is an independent datagram. Since the UDP is the connectionless protocol, each datagram is independent of the other.
In UDP we have the make sure to send a smaller amount of the data which can be set in the datagram and for the larger information we shouldn’t use the User datagram protocol. But the user datagram protocol is like an unreliable protocol. It doesn’t contain flow and error control, window sizing technique in it.
One of the biggest advantages of the user datagram protocol is, it is small in size, these packet sizes are smaller than the transmission control protocol. The header of the user datagram protocol has only 8 bytes. The main advantage of the user datagram protocol is we do not need to create any connection before sending the data. We have more control over the data when we compared it with the other protocols.
The user datagram protocol has the primitive form of error detection, it is not as reliable as the other protocols. Even if the user datagram protocol finds the errors, it cannot recover the corrupted data. It simple discards the corrupted information. The main disadvantage of the user datagram protocol is, it cannot guarantee the delivery of the packet. The packets don’t arrive in the order that was sent. Hence, even though UDP is a lightweight process, it is not as reliable as that of other protocols.
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