Basic Security
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The Ipv4 Protocol Uses Ip Addresses Which Are How Many Bytes In Length?
The Ipv4 Protocol Uses IP Addresses Which Are How Many Bytes In Length? We all know that the communication at the network layer is between the host to host i.e one computer to the other computer. A computer at one location wants to communicate with the computer at the other location. The medium of tRead more
The Ipv4 Protocol Uses IP Addresses Which Are How Many Bytes In Length?
We all know that the communication at the network layer is between the host to host i.e one computer to the other computer. A computer at one location wants to communicate with the computer at the other location. The medium of this communication is the Internet. Let us take an example to understand this in detail. Let say when we want to post a mail, we write the senders and the receiver’s address on the card or the envelope. In the same manner, the internet address is required in order to send a message from the sender to the receiver via the internet. This type of address we call the logical address. In the network layer, these addresses are called IP addresses. Suppose If we write the series of the binary bits, let say 1001100101, it is a 10-bit length, in the same way, the IP address can be of 32-bit length or can be a 128-bit length. We call 32 bit IP addresses as the internet protocol version 4 (IPV4) and provides a maximum of 2^32 addresses. The 128 bit IP addresses are called the internet protocol version 6 or the IPv6 addresses and provide a maximum of 2^128 addresses. The IP v6 gives much more flexibility in the IP address allocation in a packet-switched computer network. The data packets in the network layer, we call them the datagrams. The data. Based on the version of the Internet protocol, there are two types of datagrams., the IPv4 datagram and the IPv6 datagram. let us know the format of the IPv4. The below figure represents the IPv4 format in detail.
See lessThe version is the 4 bits in length and specifies whether the datagram is in version 4 or not. The IPv4 and IPv6 use different datagram formats. This field helps the internet protocol software running that running on a machine to decide how to process the received datagram. The next is header length which is 4 bits in length, it tells the total length of the IPv4 datagram. one word in IPv4 is 4 bytes in length. The below we have the option filed, which is variable in length, it makes the IPv4 header vary in length and ranges from 20 bytes to 60 bytes. If the option filed is empty the value will be 5 or 0101. The next one is the data payload, the value in the header length filed indicates where the payload begins in the datagram. The payload in the IPv4 datagram is the transport layer segment. The next file is in differentiated services which are 8 bits in length, in this, the first 6 bits are called the code point or the differentiate services code point. And the last bits are used for the explicit congestion notification. Datagram length tells the total length of the IP datagram. The maximum length of the datagram will be 2^16-1, it is rare why largest than the 1500 bytes that allows the IP datagram to fit in the payload section of the ethernet frame.
What Is The Difference Between Authentication Authorization And Accounting
What Is The Difference Between Authentication Authorization and Accounting? Now, let us learn the AAA security frameworks and their application radius. The AAA stands for authentication, authorization, and accounting. It is a type of fundamental security framework for controlling the user access toRead more
What Is The Difference Between Authentication Authorization and Accounting?
Now, let us learn the AAA security frameworks and their application radius. The AAA stands for authentication, authorization, and accounting. It is a type of fundamental security framework for controlling the user access to a network determining access levels or the user privileges based on the policies and the user identification. It keeps track of all the user activities. Firstly let us discuss what actually authentication is?
authentication is the first component of the triple-A. For suppose we are the user, the user needs some of the credentials like user name and the password in order to verify the identity. After the identity is entered, we verify the identity, then we will be granted some of the privileges. This is the second component present in the AAA.
The authorization is about, what we can do with the privileges, these include what are the canceled resources or the services that can access. What tasks we can perform and how long can we use these resources.
The third component in the AAA framework is accounting. the accounting keeps track of all the log activities that may include the resources that are used and how much resources are being used and how long we can use them. The data that is collected at this stage could be used for counseling, monitoring, and for billing statistics.
The radius uses the framework radius that stands for the remote authorization in the user service. It is a client-server protocol and system that enables the network access server in order to communicate with the central server to the authenticated users. The authenticated users authorize their access to the network and keep track of the activities in the radius. The network access server acts as the connecting point between the user and the triple a server. The network access server can act as the remote access server for the remote users or by the local wireless user. The radius is not only for the remote users as its name suggests but it can be used for the local users. For the local users, it can be through the wireless connection or through the wired connection.
Let us take an example to understand how the radius works for the local users. we learn by for wireless access point. Let say a user wants to access a local network in the radius system. This device is called the supplicant and WAP, we call it the radius client. That is a middle man between the user and the server.
The first step we perform is the authentication request. The users interact with the WAP and request permission in order to access the network with the user ID and the password. The password will be in an encrypted state.
In the second step, the WAP contacts really act as a server, if the user exists in the radius of the server database as the valid user.
In step three, the radius server checks the database against the credentials. Once this is get verified, the radius server sends a package back to the double with the access permission and certain privileges.
And step four and step five are related to accounting. The accounting database creates a record of a user and keeps track of all the activities during the accession.
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