Which type of static route that is configured on a router uses only the exit interface?

• static path fully specified
• default static path
• The static path directly connected
• recursive static path

Answer: when the router uses only the exit interface the type of static route that is configured is the directly connected static route. The recursive static route is used when the next-hop IP address is used. And when both the exit interface and next-hop IP the fully specified static route is used.

 What is Static routing?

his is the type of routing where the routes of the routing table are configured by the network administrator. The routing table is used by the router to forward the packets from the source to the destination. The routes are added to the table manually.

The reasons to the use the static routes are given in the following:

• security is improved because the paths are not declared on the network.
• The router does not share paths, which is why it uses less bandwidth than dynamic routing.
• None of the CPU cycles are used for route communication.
• The path for the data transfer is known in static routing.
• It can reduce the route amount or number declared by the router.
• It can create a backup in case of main route failure.
• It can connect the device to a specified network.
• It connects the stub router or stub network.

Types of the static route:

The types are of the static routes are described in the following section:

• Standard static route.
• Default static route.
• Summary static route.
• Floating static route.

Standard static route:

Standard static route: The standard static route has a destination host address, its netmask, and the next-hop address IP address. Both IPV6 and IPV4 support the configuration of the standard static routes.

Default static route:

In the routing table when the explicit route is not present then the default static route is used because it is set by default. The configuration of the default static route on the destination of IPV4 is 0.0.0.0/0. For the default route configuration, the router has to match all the packets of the route.

Summary static route:

the routing table entries for the static route are minimized by the summary static route. The route is only implemented on the route that uses the same egress interface or the same next-hop address. The calculation of the summary route can be done by the binary or decimal method.

Floating static routes:

The floating static route act as the backup route to any static or dynamical route. The route is used in a case of route failure or the unavailability of the routes.

Static route restriction:

Some of the static route restrictions are discussed in the following section:

• The static route configuration and the addition of it in the routing table are difficult for larger networks.
• The network administrator uses the background knowledge during the configuration of it for network topology.
• The error of static route is prone.

What are two types of router interfaces? (Choose two.)

• LAN.
• WAN.FTP
• DNS.
• DHCP.
• SVI

Answer: The router interface is categorized into two groups:

LAN interface: Those devices whose connection is terminated with LAN are connected with the help of the LAN interface, it can also connect the router with each other.

WAN interface: In a large area the router is connected with another network through the WAN interface.

Router interface

Moreover, the router is connected with the network through the help of a port. in the network, the port on the router connected to the network directly is known as the local router interface and when it is connected with another network is called the remote router interface. The router of the interface has a specific address like the network interface card (NIC) is the address of the computer.

According to RRAS (routing and remote access services) of Microsoft Windows 2000, the router interface is either the physical or the logical interface in which the packets are transferred or forwarded. The packets are either the unicast packets of the IP, the internetwork packets exchange IPX, or the apple talk or some multicast packets of IP. The RRAS can either be:

• The physical LAN (local area network) interface i.e., the connection of Ethernet or token ring. some of the WAN (wide area network) interface as frame relay adapters represent logically as LAN interface by RRAS.
• The demand-dial interface shows the logical connection as the dial-up modem or maybe the virtual private network or point-to-point connection. They can also be the demand on persistent.
• The Inter Protocol IP-in-IP interface shows the tunneled point-to-point connection.

Comparison of the LAN and WAN interface

The comparison of the LAN and WAN interface is given in the following sections:

• The LAN port or the interface is connected with the help of the RJ-45 connector on the PC or the network devices. All of the machines either the client or server and the network devices are connected with the LAN port.
• The WAN is used for the connection with the outside of the network like the Internet. For the small area, the network as the home business the WAN is connected with RJ-45 Ethernet port. The port is wired with either the cable or the DSL modem along with the computer. Sometimes the WAN port may be considered as the internet because it receives the data from the external network and then the information is filtered by the router’s internal firewall and routing system. And them the information sent towards the LAN port or to the wireless connection.

If we talk about the main difference the LAN connects the computer with other clients. while the WAN connects with the external network as the internet. LAN is refered as the individual network which covers a small area. It is also called the ethernet port. A port refers to the communication channel or the endpoints.

Which is an advantage for small organizations adopting Imap instead of pop?

In this article, we see the clear definitions of the IMAP and pop means in email accounts. Which is preferred by the small organizations. Let’s start the discussion. E-mail is one of the best communication sources. It is used for either personal use or used for business purposes. It is very easy to use but some terms in the email are a bit confusing like IMAP and pop. What is the major difference between these two terms?

These two terms are important access or protocol to the email accounts. Let’s see the major differences between these two terms.

POP email:

Pop is the abbreviation of post office protocol. It is used in the early days of the internet. It is universally accepted in the years early. There is a different version of pop like POP3 is the third evolution of POP.

Working of POP:

Post office protocol work is such a way it downloads the file in the user device from the server and later deletes it from the server. For this apple mail of the client is used for the connection between the server and user device. If the server erases messages after the data are downloaded then if you check your emails from another device it seems some mails are missing.

With help of POP easily read messages without affecting the other severe process or function. When you access your server to remain messages on the server till delete them or download them manually it is possible you can download the email from other devices even if it is already read or downloaded on your server.

Advantages of pop:

The pros and cons of pop email are the following.

• It reduces the storage space on servers.
• If there is limited storage space it is best to ignore your limits.
• If a large amount of data is present in spam emails it also causes a problem for storage issues in the servers
• The best advantage of POP emails is privacy and security. It can download data and delete it. it helps to maintain our security when the server is self-hosted.

Disadvantages of POP:

post office protocol also causes some problems like.

• Storage problems:

The major drawback of POP is the location of storage. You download the emails or even send them to your device or server but can not open them on other servers if the setting is not changed.

• Manually setup:

In pop, every client-server must use a manual setup.

• Email support:

In POP some emails are not supported by the providers.

What are IMAP email accounts?

Imap is the abbreviation for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is different from post office protocol. In contrast to POP in IMAP, email messages are live and easy access to email inboxes even from different devices. In POP messages are stored or downloaded but in IMAP it gives live access to the email inbox no matter which type of device is used.

Advantages of IMAP:

Some advantages of internet message access protocol are the followings

• The main advantage is to approach the email inbox from any device.
• Email is always synchronized regardless of the countless devices are used.
• If the a strong internet connection there is no problem with email folders.

Drawbacks of IMAP:

It works best when the internet connection is strong and also for those users not working on searches with the help of email.

Which is best?

POP and IMAP are different advantages and drawbacks. Once we have a bot stable internet connection, we use POP, and if we have stable internet access then use IMAP. Once you need to switch devices in a day then IMAP is the best option over POP.

Which is best for small organizations?

 For the small organization, IMAP is best over POP because there are some reasons.

• In IMAP messages remain in a mail server for a long time.
• If the user uses POP then message copies remained for a short time while IMAP stays for a longer time.
• IMAP can send and retrieve emails. While POP only retrieves.
• In POP messages are stored systematically. While in the IMAP store in a distributed way.

The IMAP is used over pop because in IMAP message are downloaded on the server and messages remain on the server until it is deleted manually.

What are codes?

In this world where almost everything is possible except a few things, where everything depends on the computer from the digital alarm clocks to the auto lights in the house, the question arises is there any kind of language used by the computer to make these programs? If yes then what are these languages?

The answer is there is specific coding that is used by the different programming languages to make advanced and digital products. The syntax of the codes is different in every language by the basic concept are the same. The easy definition of coding is to input the commands into the computer through different programming languages and make it execute the action required.

What do you know about coding?

Most of the people have the concept of the codding that they are used in the artificial intelligence to make the robots and they are correct somehow but the difference is it is not for making robots but it is the list of the commands which are used by the specific programming language to make the computer execute the action such as the SIRI or Google Assistant they are programmed to do the work of the human through voice.

Coding is developed for the computer so that it can easily understand the codes and execute the specific action.it is the process to use the languages that make ask the computer to work to your choice, in the python language the line of codes is called Script. every code is written in the script tag (<script> </script>) and each has the specific work to do.

What is the work of the coding?

The purpose of the code is to perform the specific task which is done by the computer. When the person turns on the internet the machine uses the binary code (0,1) which is for the computer to turn on and off the main switch.it is an efficient way for data storing and processing.

The work becomes quick with the help of high-level programming i.e., python, java, the syntax of the languages are different but they work in the code which translates the human speech to the machine code. The instructions are written in high-level languages.

The code is developed in 2011 by tech companies but now all over the world, it is famous it gives the concepts which are helpful to make the action easy and quick. They are helpful for humans because they do not have to enter the digits for sequence instead only one code with a few lines and the whole sequence will display on the screen.

What is the output produced by the following code?

We are going to write the code along with the output produced by the code in the following:

Int x=1;

If x>3:

If x>4:

Print (“A”, end=’’)

Else

Print (“B”, end=’’)

Elseif x<2:

If (x! =0)

Print (“C”, end=’’)

Print(“D”)

Answer: The correct answer is D. if the value of x=1 then the else if x<2: executed. if the (x! =0) is true C will print and after this the D statement prints.

Intermediary devices

The infrastructure is like the platform where the whole network is established and it is like the cable connecting one computer to the other. The component of the network is three in total:

• End devices.
• Intermediary devices.
• Network media.

In this article, you are going to learn about intermediary devices. The hardware work with the component of the network that is visible such as the hub, router, switches. To know more about the intermediary devices read the article to the end!

What are the intermediary devices and how does it work?

The intermediary devices are built to move the data from one side to the other computer which is connected to the network.it is a medium for the connection for the other nodes and also manages the background services which ensure that data is transferred accurately and efficiently.

The data flow through the intermediary device is maintained with the help of IP address, port address the physical address (MAC address), and the complete knowledge of the interconnected devices in a network. The switching tells the effective path for the message that flows through them.

The working or function of the intermediary devices are in the following:

• The damping (which increases the response and makes the noise less) has been reduced through regeneration and retransmission happen with the help of the intermediary devices.
• For the transmission of the message, the source and the destination address are kept by the intermediary devices and also have the information of the path that exists in the network.
• The faults are the network detects by the intermediary devices.
• During the data transfer, the correction in the error is also done by these devices.
• The transfer rate and the response time are maintained by the devices.
• The path, setup of the messages with their priorities are done by the intermediary devices.
• The security is also provided by the devices by permitting and denying the data through the network.

Some of the examples of the intermediary devices are given below:

Router:

The router in the network is responsible for the data motion and shows the path to the data in the computer network. The data transfer and the flow rate among the two or more subnet who are not of the same network address are maintained by the router. The best possible path for data is directed by the router.

Modem:

A modem is responsible for modulation (convert the analog signal to digital) and demodulation (convert the digital signal to the analog). A modem allows the transmission of digital signals through telephones and fiber optics which are analog mediums.

Hub:

The hub works at the physical layer of OSI and acts as the connector for ethernet ports, and the bandwidth among the connected devices is also maintained by it.

Which two statements describe intermediary devices? (Choose two.)

• the encapsulation is initiated by the intermediary devices.
• Generate the data.
• The path is directed by the intermediate devices. The devices connect the individual to the host.
• The data has been changed by these devices.

Answer: the applications are responsible for data generation, modification in the data, and the initiation of the encapsulation.